Fig. 4.

Thermocatalytic CO₂ hydrogenation experiments. a Thermal CO₂ conversion using the SA Ni/Y₂O₃ nanosheets (SA Ni/Y₂O₃) and Ni nanoparticles/Y₂O₃ nanosheets (Ni/Y₂O₃) as a function of temperature. b CH₄ and CO yields from the CO₂ hydrogenation over the SA Ni/Y₂O₃ nanosheets as a function of temperature. c CO₂ hydrogenation versus reaction time over the SA Ni/Y₂O₃ nanosheets at 240 °C. d Aberration-corrected TEM image of the SA Ni/Y₂O₃ nanosheets after the stability test shown in Fig. 4c. Reaction conditions: 100 ml min⁻¹ of reaction gas (2.5% CO₂+ 10% H₂+ 87.5% N₂), 100 mg of catalyst. The scale bar in d is 2 nm