Table 2.
Unadjusted geometric means of AFB1-lys adducts, total maize and tortilla, by general characteristics of study participants.
| Characteristics of participants | AFB1-lys adducts (pg/mg) Unadjusted geometric means (95% CI) | p-value1 | Total maize consumption grams/day Unadjusted geometric means (95% CI) | p-value1 | Tortilla consumption grams/day Unadjusted geometric means (95% CI) | p-value1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 0.19 | 0.003 | 0.17 | |||
| 40-49 | 9.7 (8.1, 11.7) | 426.5 (392.9, 463.1) | 168.5 (164.3, 172.7) | |||
| 50-59 | 8.5 (6.9, 10.4) | 362.3 (331.6, 395.7) | 161.1 (155.3, 167.1) | |||
| >60 | 9.0 (7.2, 11.2) | 339.0 (314.0, 365.9) | 159.1 (153.5, 164.9) | |||
| Sex | 0.01 | 0.05 | <0.001 | |||
| Women | 7.8 (6.8, 9.0) | 391.4 (365.5, 419.2) | 156.9 (152.0, 162.0) | |||
| Men | 11.0 (9.0, 13.4) | 354.7 (332.2, 378.6) | 168.3 (164.2, 172.6) | |||
| Residence: | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||
| Rural | 12.8 (10.9, 14.9) | 429.7 (404.1, 456.8) | 168.2 (165.2, 171.2) | |||
| Urban | 5.3 (4.6, 6.1) | 303.2 (283.5, 324.3) | 152.2 (145.5, 159.3) | |||
| Indigenous ethnicity | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||
| Yes | 13.2 (11.1, 15.7) | 438.5 (411.6, 467.2) | 168.8 (165.9, 171.7) | |||
| No | 5.8 (5.1, 6.7) | 312.7 (292.7, 334.0) | 153.9 (147.8, 160.3) | |||
| Education | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||
| Elementary incomplete | 11.0 (9.5, 12.7) | 397.2 (374.1, 421.7) | 166.1(162.8, 169.5) | |||
| Elementary completed | 6.2 (5.1, 7.5) | 335.4 (310.0, 362.8) | 153.6 (146.5, 161.2) | |||
| Monthly family income | <0.001 | 0.87 | 0.06 | |||
| <USD 400 | 10.4 (9.1, 12.0) | 376.6 (356.1, 398.2) | 163.7 (160.1, 167.9) | |||
| ≥USD 400 | 5.7 (4.7, 7.0) | 373.0 (338.2, 411.2) | 155.8 (148.0, 164.1) | |||
| Total calorie intake | 0.19 | <0.001 | 0.03 | |||
| Below median (<2648 kcal/day) | 9.42 (7.94, 11.18) | 344.8 (324.6, 366.26) | 159.98 (156.2, 164.0) | |||
| Above or equal median (≥2648 kcal/day) | 8.71 (7.40, 10.25) | 407.82 (378.81, 439.06) | 167.6 (161.2, 174.2) |
AFB1-lys: Covalent adduction of Aflatoxins B1 to lysine residues in serum albumin. CI: confidence interval.
1
p values were obtained from t-test for continuous predictor or Anova F-test for categorical predictors.