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. 2019 Apr 26;97(6):2320–2328. doi: 10.1093/jas/skz129

Table 4.

Least squares means1 by line2 and generation for reproductive, growth, and compositional traits3 in response to selection for age at puberty

Generation
Trait 0 1 2 3 4
AGEPUB, d
 YOUNG 199 ± 1.6 176 ± 2.3 176 ± 2.6 168 ± 1.9 163 ± 1.9
 OLD 197 ± 2.6 200 ± 2.9 206 ± 3.2 183 ± 3.2
P-value <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
PUB
 YOUNG 0.6 ± 0.03 0.68 ± 0.03 0.50 ± 0.04 0.76 ± 0.03 0.87 ± 0.02
 OLD 0.69 ± 0.04 0.43 ± 0.04 0.72 ± 0.04 0.64 ± 0.04
P-value 0.86 0.19 0.44 <0.01
PUBWT, kg
 YOUNG 113±1.1 112 ± 1.4 110 ± 1.6 110 ± 1.2 102 ± 1.2
 OLD 115 ± 1.9 114 ± 2.2 113 ± 2.5 114 ± 2.1
P-value 0.27 0.12 0.26 <0.01
LEN1, d
 YOUNG 1.69 ± 0.04 1.63 ± 0.06 1.67 ± 0.07 1.55 ± 0.05 1.70 ± 0.05
 OLD 1.47 ± 0.08 1.44 ± 0.09 1.67 ± 0.10 1.46 ± 0.08
P-value 0.10 0.04 0.03 <0.01
LEN2, d
 YOUNG 1.82 ± 0.07 1.87 ± 0.07 1.97 ± 0.08 1.92 ± 0.06 1.99 ± 0.05
 OLD 1.93 ± 0.09 1.95 ± 0.11 1.73 ± 0.12 1.55 ± 0.11
P-value 0.60 0.87 0.16 <0.01
VW1, cm
 YOUNG 38.5 ± 0.31 38.7 ± 0.42 38.0 ± 0.47 38.2 ± 0.35 38.0 ± 0.34
 OLD 40.3 ± 0.56 38.6 ± 0.64 39.4 ± 0.75 37.3 ± 0.60
P-value 0.02 0.45 0.14 0.28
VW2, cm
 YOUNG 38.3 ± 0.48 39.9 ± 0.49 39.4 ± 0.54 39.9 ± 0.39 38.7 ± 0.36
 OLD 40.9 ± 0.62 40.1 ± 0.73 39.6 ± 0.87 38.1 ± 0.76
P-value 0.20 0.43 0.72 0.53
BWT, kg
 YOUNG 1.03 ± 0.007 1.15 ± 0.011 1.11 ± 0.010 1.08 ± 0.009 1.09 ± 0.010
 OLD 1.13 ± 0.013 1.10 ± 0.012 0.97 ± 0.016 0.99 ± 0.014
P-value 0.22 0.29 <0.01 <0.01
WWT, kg
 YOUNG 5.5 ± 0.038 5.60 ± 0.051 5.54 ± 0.055 5.94 ± 0.046 5.39 ± 0.045
 OLD 5.48 ± 0.059 5.42 ± 0.060 5.51 ± 0.069 5.06 ± 0.062
P-value 0.12 0.07 <0.01 <0.01
LEA, cm2
 YOUNG 42.2 ± 0.46 43.7 ± 0.48 40.1 ± 0.51 40.4 ± 0.48 40.6 ± 0.48
 OLD 45.0 ± 0.55 41.2 ± 0.55 41.4 ± 0.56 41.2 ± 0.55
P-value <0.01 0.56 0.05 0.23
BF, cm
 YOUNG 1.74 ± 0.042 1.75 ± 0.044 1.66 ± 0.046 1.57 ± 0.044 1.70 ± 0.045
 OLD 1.70 ± 0.049 1.74 ± 0.048 1.62 ± 0.052 1.59 ± 0.049
P-value 0.20 0.08 0.24 <0.01
WT178, kg
 YOUNG 116 ± 1.3 115 ± 1.4 112 ± 1.4 123 ± 1.4 119 ± 1.4
 OLD 112 ± 1.5 108 ± 1.5 119 ± 1.6 118 ± 1.5
P-value 0.05 <0.01 <0.01 0.75

1Model included generation, line, generation × line interaction and covariate effects.

2YOUNG = young age at puberty line; OLD = old age at puberty line.

3AGEPUB = age at puberty; PUBWT = weight at puberty; LEN1 = length of estrus at puberty; LEN2 = length of estrus at second estrus; VW1 = vulva width at puberty; VW2 = vulva width at second estrus; PUB = probability of reaching puberty; BWT = birth weight; WWT = weaning weight; LEA = loin muscle area; BF = backfat depth, WT178 = weight at 178 d.