Table 1.

Descriptive statistics of study variables

	N	M/%	s.d.	Min	Max	Informant	Items	Item scale	α
Sex (male)	1098	49.20
Age T1	2230	11.11	0.56	10.01	12.58
Age T3	1819	16.28	0.71	14.69	18.69
Age T5	1778	22.29	0.65	21.03	24.10
Family environment T1
Family dysfunction	2043	1.77	0.36	1.00	3.67	P	12	1–4a	0.87
Parental warmth	2207	3.21	0.50	1.17	4.00	A	18	1–4b	0.91/0.91c
Parental rejection	2206	1.48	0.31	1.00	3.47	A	17	1–4b	0.84/0.83c
Parental overprotection	2206	1.86	0.38	1.00	3.50	A	12	1–4b	0.70/0.71c
Peer environment T1
Peer status	2165	3.10	0.69	1.00	5.00	A	4	1–5b	0.70
Peer affection	2168	3.99	0.48	1.00	5.00	A	8	1–5b	0.91
Family environment T3
Family dysfunction	1503	1.65	0.40	1.00	3.50	P	12	1–4a	0.85
Parental control	1650	2.20	0.94	0.00	4.00	A	5	0–4b	0.84/0.79c
Parental angry outbursts	1645	1.10	0.77	0.00	4.00	A	3	0–4b	0.78/0.76c
Parental guilt inducing	1638	0.29	0.50	0.00	4.00	A	3	0–4b	0.77/0.74c
Parental problem solving	1652	2.25	0.84	0.00	4.00	A	4	0–4b	0.77/0.77c
Peer environment T3
Peer support	1489	3.76	0.91	1.00	5.00	A	1	1–5b	–
Practical help peers	1493	3.17	1.06	1.00	5.00	A	1	1–5b	–
Peer fights	1493	1.45	0.49	1.00	5.00	A	1	1–5b	–
Multidimensional functioning T5
Positive functioning T5
Physical health	1498	3.19	0.81	1.00	4.00	A	1	1–4d	–
Positive affect	1497	3.51	0.54	1.00	5.00	A	10	1–5b	0.83
Happiness	1497	7.48	1.44	1.00	10.00	A	1	1–10e	–
Satisfaction	1512	6.54	1.44	0.00	9.00	A	6	0–9f	0.63
Positive social functioning	1605	1.67	0.39	0.00	2.00	P	4	0–2g	0.55
Personal achievement	1607	1.48	0.37	0.00	2.00	P	5	0–2g	0.63
Educational attainment	1524	3.72	0.91	1.00	5.00	A	2	1–5h	–
Daily occupation study/work	1523	2.79	0.57	1.00	3.00	A	4	1–3i	–
Negative functioning T5
Negative affect	1497	2.06	0.65	1.00	4.70	A	10	1–5b	0.89
Affective problems	1745	0.33	0.27	0.00	1.97	A + P	21	0–2g	0.89/0.88j
Attention problems	1746	0.37	0.29	0.00	1.77	A + P	13	0–2g	0.82/0.88j
Antisocial personality problems	1746	0.14	0.02	0.00	1.45	A + P	20	0–2g	0.73/0.84j
Avoidant personality problems	1745	0.27	0.09	0.00	1.86	A + P	7	0–2g	0.80/0.80j

A, adolescent; P, parent.

^aStrongly agree–strongly disagree.

^bNever–(almost) always/very often.

^cReliability questionnaire about father/mother.

^dBad–good.

^eVery unhappy–very happy.

^fVery unsatisfied–very satisfied.

^gNot true–very or often true.

^hPrimary–university.

ⁱNo occupation–full-time occupation.

^jReliability adolescent/parent report.