Table 4.
Clinical characteristics according to presence of diabetic microvascular complications.
| Retinopathy | Neuropathy | AER | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Absent | Present | Absent | Present | Normal | Elevated | |
| Duration of DM (yrs) | 6 ± 4.2 | 12.8 ± 4.4 | 6.2 ± 4.5 | 11 ± 4.7 | 6.4 ± 4.6 | 9.3 ± 5.7 |
| p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | ||||
|
| ||||||
| HbA1c (%) | 8.3 ± 1.8 | 10 ± 2.3 | 8.4 ± 1.9 | 9.3 ± 2.3 | 8.4 ± 1.9 | 9.5 ± 2.4 |
| p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | ||||
|
| ||||||
| % of participants with dyslipidemia | 61.9 | 70.2 | 61.4 | 74.2 | 62.1 | 69.9 |
| p = 0.117 | p = 0.014 | p = 0.164 | ||||
|
| ||||||
| % of participants with hypertension | 31.2 | 23.7 | 30.4 | 30.2 | 29.2 | 41.5 |
| p = 0.083 | p = 0.9 | p = 0.031 | ||||
DM: diabetes mellitus; HbA1c: glycosylated hemoglobin; AER: albumin excretion rate.