Table 4.
Single- and multi-exposure ordinal regression models in the total study sample of associations between occupational, sociodemographic- and life-style factors and self-efficacy at baseline and levels of burnout at follow-up (level 0 = reference), estimated with Ordinal Regression, with p-values, odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). In the last step, the multi-exposure model was adjusted for burnout (level 0–3) at baseline
| Burnout at follow-up (level 0–3) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Scale | N | Single-exposure models | Multi-exposure model | Multi-exposure model, adjusted | ||||
| Characteristics at baseline | p | OR (CI 95%) | p | OR (CI 95%) | p | OR (CI 95%) | ||
| Year of compulsory school (year 7–9) | 310 | 0.08 | 1.51 (0.96–2.38) | 0.52 | 1.18 (0.71–1.97) | 0.68 | 1.11 (0.66–1.86) | |
| Seniority; mean (SD) | years | 310 | 0.10 | 0.98 (0.97–1.00) | 0.24 | 0.99 (0.97–1.01) | 0.18 | 0.99 (0.97–1.01) |
| Complaints on computer | ||||||||
| workstation arrangements; mean (SD) | 1–5 | 306 | 0.01 | 1.28 (1.05–1.57) | 0.45 | 1.09 (0.87–1.36) | 0.42 | 1.10 (0.88–1.37) |
| Job demands; mean (SD) | 1–4 | 308 | < 0.001 | 3.08 (1.80–5.26) | 0.04 | 1.97 (1.02–3.8) | 0.205 | 1.56 (0.78–3.11) |
| Job control – decision latitude; mean (SD) | 1–4 | 310 | 0.57 | 0.87 (0.55–1.39) | -a | -a | ||
| Job control - Skill discretion; mean (SD) | 1–4 | 310 | 0.10 | 0.54 (0.27–1.11) | 0.69 | 0.85 (0.38–1.90) | 0.86 | 0.93 (0.41–2.09) |
| Job support from manager; mean (SD) | 1–4 | 310 | < 0.001 | 0.44 (0.29–0.67) | 0.11 | 0.65 (0.39–1.10) | 0.15 | 0.68 (0.40–1.14) |
| Job support from collegues; mean (SD) | 1–4 | 308 | 0.12 | 0.67 (0.41–1.11) | 0.39 | 0.78 (0.45–1.38) | 0.45 | 0.80 (0.45–1.41) |
| Emotional demands; mean (SD) | 0–4 | 310 | < 0.001 | 1.79 (1.30–2.46) | -b | -b | ||
| Demands of hiding emotions; mean (SD) | 0–4 | 310 | 0.007 | 1.47 (1.11–1.95) | -b | -b | ||
| Leadership; mean (SD) | 0–4 | 310 | < 0.001 | 0.59 (0.45–0.77) | -b | -b | ||
| Self- efficacy; mean (SD) | 1–5 | 309 | < 0.001 | 0.38 (0.24–0.60) | < 0.001 | 0.42 (0.26–0.68) | 0.02 | 0.53 (0.31–0.90) |
| Gender (women) | 310 | 0.69 | 0.91 (0.56–1.46) | -a | -a | |||
| Marital status (single) | 306 | 0.86 | 0.95 (0.50–1.80) | -a | -a | |||
| Age, mean (SD) | years | 310 | 0.33 | 0.99 (0.97–1.01) | -a | -a | ||
| Personal relaxation time; mean (SD) | 1–6 | 304 | 0.001 | 0.72 (0.60–0.87) | 0.12 | 0.86 (0.71–1.04) | 0.16 | 0.87 (0.72–1.06) |
| Household work; mean (SD) | 1–5 | 306 | 0.42 | 1.11 (0.86–1.43) | -a | -a | ||
| Physical exercise; mean (SD) | 0–4 | 307 | 0.001 | 0.72 (0.60–0.87) | 0.12 | 0.85 (0.69–1.04) | 0.12 | 0.85 (0.69–1.04) |
| Burnout at baseline | overall | 310 | < 0.001 | 0.17 | ||||
| Level 0 | 165 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Level 1 | 102 | 2.06 (1.28–3.31) | 1.56 (0.91–2.65) | |||||
| Level 2 | 30 | 3.67 (1.80–7.57) | 2.02 (0.90–4.55) | |||||
| Level 3 | 13 | 9.68 (3.25–28.8) | 3.05 (0.80–11.5) | |||||
a Not included in the multi-exposure model, due to a p-value ≥0.3 in the single-exposure model
b Not included in the multi-exposure model, due to a high collinearity with the dimensions job demands and/or job support