Table 5.
Changes between baseline and follow-up in occupational, sociodemographica- and life-style factors and self-efficacy in the total study sample (for each individual calculated as follow-up – baseline); mean values and standard deviation (SD). Single- and multi-exposure models between the changes in the potential risk factors and burnout at follow-up (levels 0–3), estimated with Ordinal Regression, with p-values, odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). In the last step, the multi-factor model was adjusted for burnout (level 0–3) at baseline, thereby estimating change versus change associations
| Burnout at follow-up (levels 0–3) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Scale | N | Follow-up - baseline | Single-exposure models | Multi-exposure model | Multi-exposure model, adjusted | ||||
| Factors at baseline | Mean (SD) | p | OR (CI 95%) | p | OR (CI 95%) | p | OR (CI 95%) | ||
| Complaints on computer | |||||||||
| workstation arrangements; mean (SD) | 1–5 | 306 | 0.0 (1.2)b | 0.40 | 1.08 (0.90–1.31 | -d | -d | ||
| Job demands; mean (SD) | 1–4 | 308 | 0.0 (0.4)b | < 0.01 | 2.15 (1.21–3.81) | 0.02 | 2.09 (1.12–3.92) | < 0.001 | 3.41 (1.73–6.69) |
| Job control – decision latitude; mean (SD) | 1–4 | 310 | 0.0 (0.5)c | < 0.01 | 0.53 (0.34–0.83) | 0.01 | 0.48 (0.29–0.81) | 0.01 | 0.51 (0.30–0.87) |
| Job control - Skill discretion; mean (SD) | 1–4 | 310 | 0.0 (0.3)c | 0.06 | 0.49 (0.23–1.03) | 0.17 | 0.56 (0.24–1.28) | 0.10 | 0.49 (0.21–1.15) |
| Job support from manager; mean (SD) | 1–4 | 310 | 0.0 (0.5)c | 0.20 | 0.77 (0.52–1.15) | 0.54 | 1.15 (0.73–1.81) | 0.85 | 1.04 (0.66–1.66) |
| Job support from collegues; mean (SD) | 1–4 | 308 | 0.0 (0.4)c | 0.26 | 0.74 (0.44–1.25) | 0.34 | 0.75 (0.42–1.35) | 0.22 | 0.69 (0.38–1.26) |
| Emotional demands; mean (SD) d | 0–4 | 310 | −0.1 (0.6)b | 0.04 | 1.42 (1.01–2.0) | - e | - e | ||
| Demands of hiding emotions; mean (SD) d | 0–4 | 310 | 0.0 (0.8)b | 0.07 | 1.29 (0.98–1.71) | - e | - e | ||
| Leadership; mean (SD) d | 0–4 | 310 | 0.0 (0.8)c | 0.48 | 0.91 (0.69–1.19) | - e | - e | ||
| Self- efficacy; mean (SD) | 1–5 | 309 | 0.0 (0.5)c | 0.06 | 0.62 (0.38–1.01) | 0.26 | 0.73 (0.42–1.26) | 0.05 | 0.57 (0.32–1.01) |
| Personal relaxation time; mean (SD) | 1–6 | 304 | 0.0 (1.2)c | 0.86 | 0.98 (0.83–1.17) | - d | -d | ||
| Household work; mean (SD) | 1–5 | 306 | −0.1 (0.9)b | 0.06 | 1.27 (0.99–1.63) | 0.23 | 1.18 (0.90–1.53) | 0.11 | 1.25 (0.95–1.65) |
| Physical exercise; mean (SD) | 0–4 | 307 | 0.0 (1.1)c | 0.40 | 1.08 (0.90–1.31) | - d | -d | ||
| Burnout at baseline | overall | 310 | < 0.001 | ||||||
| Level 0 | 165 | 1 | |||||||
| Level 1 | 102 | 2.65 (1.55–4.53) | |||||||
| Level 2 | 30 | 8.79 (3.73–20.7) | |||||||
| Level 3 | 13 | 23.0 (6.53–80.7) | |||||||
aAge, seniority, changes in year of compulsory school (only 7 participants) and changes in marital status (11 participants) were not included in the analysis
bPositive values means worse conditions at follow up
cPositive values means better conditions at follow-up
dNot included in the multi-exposure model, due to a p-value ≥0.3 in the single-factor models
eNot included in the multi-exposure model, due to a high collinearity with the dimensions job demands and/or job support