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Proposed model for the events that link PXR activation to NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL-1β release. Ligation of the PXR (and heterodimerization with the retinoid X receptor) triggers the release of intracellular ATP through pannexin-1 channels. Extracellular ATP then binds to the P2X7 receptor, an event that prompts the assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome and subsequent activation of caspase-1. Caspase-1 then cleaves pro–IL-1β into its active, secreted IL-1β.
