Table 4.
Comparing adjusted annual change in scores over entire follow-up in MCI-AD and AD dementia participants in cholinesterase inhibitor users and non-users
| MCI-AD* | Mild AD dementia* | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Measure‡ | Never used ChEI |
Never used ChEI versus Took ChEI – before first ChEI use |
Never used ChEI versus Took ChEI – after first ChEI use |
Never used ChEI |
Never used ChEI versus Took ChEI – before first ChEI use |
Never used ChEI versus Took ChEI – after first ChEI use |
| Annual score change (95% CI) † |
p-value | p-value | Annual score change (95% CI) † |
p-value | p-value | |
| CDR-SB |
0.24 (0.19, 0.30) |
0.28 | <0.0001 |
1.27 (1.12, 1.43) |
<0.0001 | 0.003 |
| Mini Mental State Exam |
−0.29 (−0.37, −0.20) |
0.74 | <0.0001 |
−1.30 (−1.49, −1.11) |
<0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Logical Memory Immediate |
0.11 (0.00, 0.22) |
0.02 | <0.0001 |
−0.42 (−0.56, −0.29) |
0.02 | 0.003 |
| Logical Memory Delayed |
0.25 (0.13, 0.36) |
0.0003 | <0.0001 |
−0.14 (−0.27, −0.01) |
0.0002 | 0.05 |
| Digit Span Forward | −0.04 (−0.08, 0.00) |
0.42 | 0.05 |
−0.13 (−0.19, −0.06) |
0.10 | 0.04 |
| Digit Span Backward | −0.03 (−0.07, 0.01) |
0.07 | 0.003 |
−0.14 (−0.20, −0.09) |
0.99 | 0.003 |
| Animals |
−0.27 (−0.38, −0.17) |
0.05 | <0.0001 |
−0.79 (−0.96, −0.62) |
0.78 | 0.006 |
| Vegetables |
−0.25 (−0.33, −0.17) |
0.35 | <0.0001 |
−0.66 (−0.79, −0.53) |
0.19 | 0.10 |
| Boston Naming Test | −0.09 (−0.18, 0.01) |
0.18 | <0.0001 |
−1.16 (−1.40, −0.91) |
0.005 | 0.0001 |
| Trail Making Part A |
0.93 (0.41, 1.46) |
0.10 | <0.0001 |
5.80 (4.52, 7.08) |
0.0003 | 0.003 |
| Trail Making Part B |
4.19 (2.54, 5.85) |
0.91 | <0.0001 |
11.66 (8.02, 15.29) |
0.19 | 0.19 |
| Digit Symbol |
−0.42 (−0.67, −0.16) |
0.19 | <0.0001 |
−2.08 (−2.54, −1.62) |
0.01 | 0.0005 |
Abbreviations: MCI-AD = Mild cognitive impairment with primary etiologic diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease; AD = Alzheimer’s disease; ChEI = cholinesterase inhibitor; CDR-SB = Clinical Dementia Rating Sum of Boxes; CI = Confidence Interval
Diagnosis at time of first ChEI use among ChEI users or at Initial Visit for never users
Controlling for age, sex, education (years), race (White, African American, other), presence of ≥1 APOE e4 allele, behavioral problems, Geriatric Depression Scale score at first visit reported taking ChEI
Higher test score equates to a better score for all tests, except CDR-SB, Trail Making Part A, Trail Making Part B in which lower score is better score
Bolded if statistically significant at p<0.05