Table 3.
Distribution and comparisons of characteristics between worm positive and worm negative children (n=52)
| Variables | Total, n (%) | Worm positive, n (%) | Worm negative, n (%) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | ||||
| 0-1 | 8 (15.4) | 0 (0) | 8 (100) | 0.296 |
| 1-2 | 7 (13.5) | 0 (0) | 7 (100) | |
| 2-3 | 9 (17.3) | 1 (11.1) | 8 (88.9) | |
| 3-4 | 10 (19.2) | 0 (0) | 10 (100) | |
| 4-5 | 10 (19.2) | 2 (20) | 8 (80) | |
| 5-6 | 8 (15.4) | 2 (25) | 6 (75) | |
| Gender | ||||
| Female | 32 (61.5) | 2 (6.3) | 30 (93.7) | 0.298 |
| Male | 20 (38.5) | 3 (15) | 17 (85) | |
| ICDS center | ||||
| Center 1 | 13 (25) | 0 (0) | 13 (100) | 0.352 |
| Center 2 | 28 (53.8) | 4 (14.3) | 24 (85.7) | |
| Center 3 | 11 (21.2) | 1 (9.1) | 10 (90.9) | |
| Economic status (Rs.)# | ||||
| <2000 | 4 (7.7) | 0 (0) | 4 (100) | 0.788 |
| 2000-4000 | 30 (57.7) | 3 (10) | 27 (90) | |
| ≥4000 | 18 (34.6) | 2 (11.1) | 16 (89.9) | |
| Educational qualification of mother## | ||||
| No formal education | 39 (75) | 5 (12.8) | 34 (87.2) | 0.764 |
| Primary (standards 1-4) | 3 (5.8) | 0 (0) | 3 (100) | |
| Upper primary (standards 5-7) | 3 (5.8) | 0 (0) | 3 (100) | |
| Lower secondary (standards 8-10) | 4 (7.7) | 0 (0) | 4 (100) | |
| Higher secondary (standards 11-12) | 3 (5.8) | 0 (0) | 3 (100) | |
| Presence of sanitary toilet in house | ||||
| Yes | 33 (63.5) | 4 (12.1) | 29 (87.9) | 0.419 |
| No | 19 (33.5) | 1 (5.3) | 18 (94.7) | |
| Usual practice of handwashing with soap after defecation$ | ||||
| Yes | 36 (69.2) | 4 (11.1) | 32 (89.9) | 0.583 |
| No | 21 (30.8) | 1 (6.3) | 15 (93.7) | |
| Usual practice of handwashing with soap before eating | ||||
| Yes | 31 (59.6) | 1 (6.3) | 30 (93.7) | 0.758 |
| No | 21 (40.4) | 4 (15) | 17 (85) | |
| Child wearing footwear at the time of visit to the house/ICDS center$$ | ||||
| Yes | 27 (51.9) | 3 (11.1) | 24 (89.9) | 0.65 |
| No | 18 (34.6) | 2 (11.1) | 16 (89.9) | |
| Not applicable | 7 (13.5) | 0 (0) | 7 (100) | |
| Nails of the hand trimmed at the time of examination of the child | ||||
| Yes | 24 (46.2) | 2 (8.3) | 22 (81.7) | 0.771 |
| No | 28 (63.8) | 3 (10.7) | 25 (89.3) |
#One family had no income for the last 6 months, Two families had income in the range of Rs. 30,000-35,000 per month, ##Primary/secondary education in India is segregated as Primary (1st standard-4th standard), upper primary (5th standard-7th standard), lower secondary (8th standard-10th standard), and higher secondary (11th and 12th standard) $Usual practice was obtained from interviews with the mother and the ICDS caregivers. In children fed by the mothers handwashing practices of the mother was asked during the interview. In children cleaned by the mothers after defecation, the practice of the mother regarding handwashing was asked, $$Children <1 year old who had not learned to walk, ^In the cells where the expected values were <5, Fisher’s exact test was used. ICDS: Integrated Child Development Services