Drug challenges. A, Amphetamine (AMPH) challenge, rats were placed into locomotor chamber for a total of 3 h and examined for activity. Saline and AMPH (1.0 mg/kg in 3 ml/kg, sc) administration are noted by arrows for time of injection (corn oil, CO: n = 50 total, 22 males, 28 females; 0.25 mg/kg DLM: n = 46 total, 24 males, 22 females; 0.5 mg/kg DLM: n = 50 total, 23 males, 27 females; 1.0 mg/kg DLM: n = 42 total, 18 males, 24 females). B, MK-801 challenge, using a similar protocol to the AMPH challenge, rats were placed into locomotor chambers for a total of 3 h and examined for activity. Saline and MK-801 (0.2 mg/kg in 3 ml/kg, sc) administration are noted by arrows for time of injection (corn oil, CO: n = 55 total, 25 males, 30 females; 0.25 mg/kg DLM: n = 51 total, 26 males, 25 females; 0.5 mg/kg DLM: n = 51 total, 24 males, 27 females; 1.0 mg/kg DLM: n = 45 total, 20 males, 25 females. Activity is measured in beam breaks. *p < .05 compared with CO. DLM, deltamethrin.