TBBPA dependent changes in P-gp transport activity in rat brain capillaries are sex-, dose-, and time dependent. P-gp transport activity in capillaries exposed to 100 nM TBBPA for 4 h; (A) male and (B) female capillaries. Time-dependent response of 100 nM TBBPA on (C) male and (D) female P-gp transport activity. Each bar represents the mean value for 15–20 capillaries from a single preparation (pooled tissue from 5 to 7 rats, 15–20 weeks old); variability is shown as SE bars. Units are arbitrary fluorescence. Statistical comparisons: ***significantly different than control, p < .001. Abbreviations: P-gp, P-glycoprotein; TBBPA, tetrabromobisphenol A.