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. 2018 Mar 28;20(4):747–757. doi: 10.1093/pm/pny043

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© 2018 American Academy of Pain Medicine.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial reproduction and distribution of the work, in any medium, provided the original work is not altered or transformed in any way, and that the work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contactjournals.permissions@oup.com

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Maximum (E_max) drug liking scores. E_max scores are least squares (LS) means ± standard error. The mean percentage reduction was calculated based on (c_i – t_i)/|c_i–p_i| × 100%; i = 1, 2, . . . , n. IR = immediate release; SEM = standard error of the mean.