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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Aug 22.
Published in final edited form as: J Am Chem Soc. 2018 Aug 10;140(33):10593–10601. doi: 10.1021/jacs.8b06699

Figure 1. Structures and reactivity of cooperative catalysts.

Figure 1.

(a) Previously reported examples of cooperative acid/acid catalysts involve structurally and/or functionally disparate acidic promoters. (b) Intramolecular hydride transfer occurs within a frustrated Lewis pair complex to afford zwitterionic iminium ions. (c) Enantioselective coupling of N-alkylamines and α,β-unsaturated compounds by cooperative acid/acid catalysis. (d) A possible mechanism might involve enantio- and diastereoselective C–C bond formation between iminium ion and chiral enolate, generated in situ by cooperative functions of a chiral and an achiral Lewis acid catalyst. The reaction affords β-amino carbonyl compounds atom economically and under redox neutral conditions.