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. 2019 May 16;4(10):e124460. doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.124460

Figure 2. Effects of pharmacological interventions and genetic modification on cardiac hemodynamics in zebrafish embryos.

Figure 2

(A–D) Bright-field microscopic images (original magnification, ×2) of Tg(fli1a:GFP) zebrafish embryos treated with (A) control vehicle, (B) metoprolol, (C) 2,3-butanedione monoxime (BDM), and (D) isoproterenol at 48 hpf. Precordial edema (arrowhead) with pooling of red blood cells in the sinus venosus is seen in the BDM-treated embryo (arrow). Scale bar: 1 mm. (E) HRs at 48 hpf and (F) FS measurements at 56 hpf in response to pharmacological interventions and genetic modifications (n = 10 for HR measurements; n = 6 for FS measurements, except n = 5 for PLC1 MO group). Data are presented as mean ± SD; *P < 0.01; †P < 0.001; ‡P < 0.0001; 1-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s multiple-comparisons test. (G) Representative strain measurements for the listed treatment groups of embryonic hearts at 56 hpf.