Table 3.
Literature values for human in vivo kf CK in normal volunteers at rest
| Reference | Method a | Localisation b | Field (T) | N | Study mean ± SD or range (s −1 ) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Myocardium | |||||
| 1 | FAST | 1D‐CSI | 1.5 | 16 | 0.32 ± 0.07 |
| 14 | FAST | 1D‐CSI | 1.5 | 14 | 0.32 ± 0.06 |
| 15 | FAST | 1D‐CSI | 1.5 | 15 | 0.33 ± 0.07 |
| 6 | TRiST | 1D‐CSI | 3 | 8 | 0.32 ± 0.07 |
| 7 | TwiST | 1D‐CSI | 3 | 12 | 0.33 ± 0.08 |
| 16 | TDST | 1D‐ISIS | 3 | 15 | 0.32 ± 0.05 |
| Average | 0.323 ± 0.067 | ||||
| Skeletal muscle (calf) | |||||
| 6 | TRiST | 1D‐CSI | 3 | 6 | 0.26 ± 0.04 |
| 17 | ST | ‐ | 3 | 6 | 0.31 ± 0.04 |
| 17 | ST | ‐ | 7 | 6 | 0.35 ± 0.03 |
| 18 | ST | TSE | 3 | 30 | 0.23–0.29 |
| 19 | Prog. Sat. | TSE | 3 | 23 | 0.26–0.32 |
| 20 | ST | 1D‐ISIS | 7 | 23 | 0.27–0.34 |
| 21 | IT | ‐ | 7 | 10 | 0.46 ± 0.09 |
| 22 | IT | ‐ | 7 | 7 | 0.26 ± 0.02 |
| Average | 0.274 ± 0.041 | ||||
a
FAST, four‐angle saturation transfer; TRiST, triple repetition time saturation transfer; TwiST, two repetition time saturation transfer; TDST, time‐dependent saturation transfer; ST, saturation transfer; Prog. Sat., progressive saturation; IT, inversion transfer.
b
CSI, chemical shift imaging; ISIS, image‐selected in vivo spectroscopy; TSE, turbo spin echo.