Table 5.

Modifiable factors and substance use among transgender youth.

Modifiable factors	Total			Substance use to…									Did not report substance use			p
				… deal with gender-related stress			... deal with general stress			... recreational purposes
	200			54			22			37			87
	N	%	95% CI	N	%	95% CI	N	%	95% CI	N	%	95% CI	N	%	95% CI
Physical aspects
Have a stable place to live (no)	90	45	38.11–51.89	36	66.67	54.09–79.24	9	40.91	20.36–61.45	12.00	32.43	17.35–47.52	33.00	37.93	27.74–48.12	.002a
	Mean	SD	95% CI	Mean	SD	95% CI	Mean	SD	95% CI	Mean	SD	95% CI	Mean	SD	95% CI
Feel safe around the city	10.53	4.39	9.91–11.15	9.12	4.49	7.88–10.35	12.31	4.12	10.48–14.13	11.18	4.27	9.75–12.60	10.68	4.25	9.75–11.61	.018b
Social aspects						–			–			–			–
Social support scale	64.34	20.03	61.48–67.19	59.61	18.63	54.52–64.69	68.14	16.41	60.46–75.82	62.82	20.82	55.77–69.86	67.22	21.01	62.58–71.87	.131b
Discrimination scale	26.62	6.62	25.67–27.56	30.63	5.53	29.09–32.17	24.60	6.54	21.54–27.66	26.23	6.83	23.88–28.57	24.78	6.16	23.44–26.11	.000b
Self-report family inventory						–			–			–			–
Health and competence	49.87	16.18	46.74–53.00	52.76	20.66	44.23–61.29	48.38	16.54	38.39–58.38	46.59	14.29	39.24–53.93	49.92	14.29	45.86–53.98	.664b
Conflict	31.79	11.89	29.46–34.13	33.88	11.04	29.32–38.44	30.00	13.77	22.38–37.62	34.93	12.89	27.79–42.07	30.26	11.39	26.91–33.60	.405b
Cohesion	11.04	3.89	10.39–11.69	10.92	3.96	9.64–12.21	11.20	4.18	8.89–13.51	10.40	4.01	8.74–12.06	11.35	3.77	10.38–12.32	.776b
Expressiveness	11.52	4.41	10.80–12.24	12.30	4.29	10.87–13.73	10.39	4.95	7.93–12.85	11.92	4.17	10.20–13.64	11.24	4.42	10.15–12.33	.427b
Leadership	8.30	3.21	7.77–8.82	7.90	3.45	6.78–9.02	8.18	3.70	6.28–10.08	8.71	3.86	7.08–10.34	8.42	2.69	7.75–9.08	.779b
Parental support for gender identity			–			–			–			–			–
Mother (no support)	97.00	48.50	41.57–55.43	35.00	64.81	52.08–77.55	10.00	45.45	24.65–66.26	14.00	37.84	22.21–53.46	38.00	43.68	33.26–54.10	.120a
Father (no support)	122.00	61.00	54.24–67.76	39.00	72.22	60.28–84.17	11.00	50.00	29.10–70.89	19.00	51.35	35.25–67.46	53.00	60.92	50.67–71.17	.440a
Economic aspects			–			–			–			–			–
School climate			–			–			–			–			–
School connectedness	11.16	3.90	10.57–11.75	12.34	4.15	11.13–13.56	12.00	4.16	9.78–14.22	9.85	4.01	8.38–11.32	10.78	3.44	9.99–11.57	.024b
School security	20.57	9.86	19.13–22.00	17.02	8.74	14.51–19.53	23.89	11.27	18.46–29.33	22.71	8.55	19.62–25.79	21.07	10.16	18.86–23.27	.016b
Deprivation scale	21.50	3.80	20.95–22.05	20.46	4.22	19.26–21.66	21.53	2.86	20.15–22.90	21.58	3.89	20.27–22.90	22.09	3.60	21.29–22.88	.126b

Note. Sample size varied according to the question because participants had the possibility to skip sections of the survey. Bold = p < .05.

^aChi-square test.

^bANOVA test.