Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2019 May 30;10:2380. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-10104-4

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

Fig. 5 — Optical simulation. a Simulated photon distribution of all loss channels in dependence of the electron-transporting layer (ETL) thickness in the present white organic light-emitting diodes (WOLEDs). Most generated photons remain in waveguided and evanescent modes. b Calculated extraction efficiency from the simulated photon distribution of the present WOLEDs, HTL denotes the hole-transporting layer. The pentagram symbol represents the theoretical maximum external quantum efficiency (21.7%) in our proposed structure. c The experimental and theoretical spectra of the WOLEDs according to the monochrome blue and orange spectra. d Angular resolved spectral radiant intensity (SRI) of the present WOLED with the electron-transporting layer thickness of 60 nm at the brightness of 1000 cd m⁻². The displayed is the SRI in dependence of the wavelength λ and polar angle θ