Table 1.
Post-translational modifications in ERα.
| Site of modification | Modification | Protein association | Function |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ser46/47 | Phosphorylation | PKC | Activates: transcription |
| Tyr52 | Phosphorylation | c-Abl | Activates: protein stability, transcription, cell growth/invasion |
| Ser102 | Phosphorylation | GSK3 | Activates: transcription |
| Ser104/106 | Phosphorylation | GSK3, Cyclin A-Cdk2, MAPK/ERK | Activates: transcription, coactivator binding |
| Ser118 | Phosphorylation | MAPK/ERK, Cdk7, GSK3, IKKα, ILK, EGFR, IFG-IR, DNA-PK, RET | Down-regulates: transcription, Activates: RNA splicing, Dimerization, transcription, coactivator binding, protein stability, cell growth/invasion |
| Ser154 | Phosphorylation | AKT | Unknown |
| Ser167 | Phosphorylation | AKT, p90 RSK, S6K1, IKKα, CK2, RET | Down-regulation: transcription, Activates: transcription, DNA binding, stability |
| Ser212 | Phosphorylation | Activates: DNA binding, transcription | |
| Tyr219 | Phosphorylation | c-Abl | Activates: dimerization, DNA binding, protein stability, transcription, cell growth/invasion |
| Ser236 | Phosphorylation | PKA | Activates: dimerization, transcription, DNA binding |
| Arg260 | Methylation | PRMT1 | Non-genomic signaling |
| Lys266 | Acetylation Sumoylation | p300, SUMO-1 | Activates: DNA binding, transcription |
| Lys268 | Acetylation Sumoylation | p300, SUMO-1 | Activates: DNA binding, transcription |
| Ser282 | Phosphorylation | CK2 | Activates: transcription Inhibits transcription |
| Ser294 | Phosphorylation | Proline directed kinase | Activates: transcription |
| Lys299 | Acetylation Sumoylation | p300, SUMO-1, Ubiquitin, SET7 | Inhibits transcription Activates: DNA binding, transcription |
| Lys302 | Acetylation Methylation Ubiquitylation Sumoylation | p300, SUMO-1, Ubiquitin, SET7 | Inhibits transcription Activates: DNA binding, transcription, Proteasomal degradation |
| Lys303 | Acetylation Ubiquitylation Sumoylation | p300, SUMO-1, Ubiquitin | Inhibits transcription Activates: DNA binding, transcription, Proteasomal degradation |
| Ser305 | Phosphorylation | PAK1, PKA, Akt | Activates: transcription, DNA binding, coactivator binding, cell growth/invasion |
| Thr311 | Phosphorylation | p38-MAPK | Activates: nuclear/subcellular localization, transcription, coactivator binding |
| Leu429 | Ubiquitylation | Activates: transcription Inhibits transcription |
|
| Ala 430 | Ubiquitylation | Activates: transcription Inhibits transcription |
|
| Cys447 | Palmitoylation | PAT | Plasma membrane localization |
| Tyr537 | Phosphorylation | Src, EGFR | Activates: E2 binding, dimerization, DNA binding, transcription, coactivator binding, Proliferation |
| Ser554 | Phosphorylation | ||
| Ser559 | Phosphorylation | CK2 | Activates: transcription Inhibits transcription |