Table 4.
Adjusted odds of work-related health outcomes and depression among females according to frequency of harassment and assault in the Harvard Flight Attendant Health Study (2014–2015).
| Outcome | Never (Referent) | 1 time OR (95% CI) | 2–3 times OR (95% CI) | 4 or more times OR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Any threats or verbal abuse | ||||
| Depression (from the PHQ-9 scale) | 1.0 | 1.03 (0.58, 1.49) | 2.10 (1.68, 2.52) | 3.85 (3.31, 4.39) |
| Work-related outcomes | ||||
| Injury/Illness | 1.0 | 1.90 (1.32, 2.74) | 3.80 (2.50, 5.78) | 9.89 (4.01, 24.36) |
| Sleep and Fatigue | 1.0 | 1.26 (0.94, 1.70) | 1.95 (1.44, 2.64) | 3.72 (2.22, 6.23) |
| Musculoskeletal strain, sprain, joint aches and pain | 1.0 | 1.30 (1.05, 1.60) | 1.63 (1.34, 1.99) | 2.43 (1.85, 3.21) |
| Musculoskeletal fracture or contusion | 1.0 | 1.32 (0.89, 1.96) | 1.79 (1.27, 2.52) | 2.28 (1.53, 3.40) |
| Any sexual harassment | ||||
| Depression (from the PHQ-9 scale) | 1.0 | 1.44 (0.93, 1.95) | 1.83 (1.29, 2.38) | 4.12 (3.18, 5.06) |
| Work-related outcomes | ||||
| Injury/Illness | 1.0 | 4.13 (2.08, 8.11) | 2.32 (1.32, 4.07) | – |
| Sleep and Fatigue | 1.0 | 1.71 (1.15, 2.54) | 1.82 (1.17, 2.83) | 1.68 (0.80, 3.51) |
| Musculoskeletal strain, sprain, joint aches, and pain | 1.0 | 1.61 (1.26, 2.04) | 2.01 (1.53, 2.63) | 2.30 (1.46, 3.63) |
| Musculoskeletal fracture or contusion | 1.0 | 1.22 (0.82, 1.81) | 1.52 (1.01, 2.29) | 2.96 (1.69, 5.18) |
| Any sexual assault | ||||
| Depression (from the PHQ-9 scale) | 1.0 | 1.72 (0.36, 3.08) | 5.06 (2.08, 8.04) | 1.18 (−4.53, 6.88) |
| Work-related outcomes | ||||
| Injury/Illness | 1.0 | 3.53 (0.49, 25.70) | – | – |
| Sleep and Fatigue | 1.0 | 1.35 (0.49, 3.78) | – | – |
| Musculoskeletal strain, sprain, joint aches and pain | 1.0 | 2.08 (1.04, 4.17) | 1.99 (0.42, 9.25) | 1.05 (0.09, 11.97) |
| Musculoskeletal fracture or contusion | 1.0 | 1.83 (0.81, 4.13) | 1.16 (0.15, 9.11) | – |
CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.