Table 2. Predictive factors associated with breakthrough urinary tract infection.
| Variables | BUTI (−) (n = 47) | BUTI (+) (n = 34) | P value | HR (95% CI) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Univariate | Multivariate | ||||||
| Age, mon | |||||||
| Group | 0.389 | ||||||
| 2–6 | 35 (74.5) | 29 (85.3) | |||||
| 7–11 | 7 (14.9) | 4 (11.8) | |||||
| > 12 | 5 (10.6) | 1 (2.9) | |||||
| Sex | 0.602 | ||||||
| Male | 38 (80.9) | 29 (85.3) | |||||
| Female | 9 (19.1) | 5 (14.7) | |||||
| Highest grade of VUR | 0.274 | ||||||
| Grade I | 1 (2.1) | 0 (0) | |||||
| Grade II | 3 (6.4) | 3 (8.8) | |||||
| Grade III | 17 (36.2) | 8 (23.5) | |||||
| Grade IV | 15 (31.9) | 8 (23.5) | |||||
| Grade V | 11 (23.4) | 15 (44.1) | |||||
| Bilateral VUR | 23 (48.9) | 19 (55.9) | 0.537 | ||||
| TMP-SMX resistance | 18 (38.3) | 21 (61.8) | 0.037 | 0.026 | 2.947 (1.137–7.636) | ||
| Initial renal scarring | 27 (574) | 27 (79.4) | 0.038 | 0.028 | 3.263 (1.133–9.402) | ||
| Index UTI pathogen | 0.667 | ||||||
| Escherichia coli | 29 (61.7) | 18 (52.9) | |||||
| Enterococcus | 8 (17.0) | 7 (20.6) | |||||
| Klebsiella | 4 (8.5) | 3 (8.8) | |||||
| Enterobacter | 3 (6.4) | 3 (8.8) | |||||
| Proteus | 3 (6.4) | 1 (2.9) | |||||
| Pseudomonas | 0 (0) | 2 (5.9) | |||||
Data are presented as number (%).
BUTI = breakthrough urinary tract infection, HR = hazard ratio, CI = confidence interval, VUR = vesicoureteral reflux, TMP-SMX = trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, UTI = urinary tract infection.