Dissolving microneedle |
Hydroxyethyl starch 70000 |
Hepatitis B surface antigen (protein) |
The antigenicity of the Hepatitis B adjuvant maintained for 6 months at 50 °C with only a 10% loss |
101 |
Dissolving microneedle |
Hyaluronic acid |
Live attenuated BCG (bacteria) |
Vaccination using microneedle array mixed with Bacille Calmette–Guerin (BCG) powder did not provoked severe inflammation and bruise as compared to intradermal injection |
102 |
Dissolving microneedle |
Sucrose |
Rabies vaccination (nucleic acid) |
A rabies DNA vaccine integrated with dissolving microneedle was ten-fold lower vaccine dose than full-dose intramuscular vaccination |
103 |
Dissolving microneedle |
Poly-vinyl alcohol |
Influenza (virus) |
Microneedle patch was capable of improving vaccine immunogenicity and increasing vaccination coverage |
104 |
Hollow microneedle |
Polyimide |
IgG and IgG1 (protein) |
Nanoparticulate vaccines were discovered for protein antigen to control immune response using hollow microneedle |
99 |
Solid microneedle and hollow microneedle |
Silicone |
Ovalbumin (nucleic acid) |
Hollow microneedle patches delivered ovalbumin efficiently for in vivo immunization in contrast to solid microneedle patches |
105 |
Coated microneedle |
Ceramic |
Diphtheria and tetanus toxoid (peptide) |
Ceramic nanoporous microneedle arrays have a better capability of transporting diphtheria toxoid and tetanus toxoid |
100 |