Table 2.
Maternal outcomes.
| Outcomes | Outcome category | Midwife-led care (n = 703) | Regular care (n = 1498) | Unadjusted risk ratioa RR (95% CI) | p value | Adjusted risk ratiob aRR (95% CI) | Adj p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unplanned CS | No | 613 (87·2%) | 1269 (84·1%) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | ||
| Yes | 90 (12·8%) | 238 (15·9%) | 0·81 (0·64–1·01) | 0·060 | 0·80 (0·64–0·99) | 0·043 | |
| Data missing | 0 | 0 | |||||
| Planned CS | No | 619 (88·1%) | 1337 (89·3%) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | ||
| Yes | 84 (11·9%) | 161 (10·7%) | 1·11 (0·87–1·43) | 0·403 | 1·14 (0·97–1·34) | 0·105 | |
| Data missing | 0 | 0 | |||||
| Total CS (planned and unplanned)c | No | 529 (75·2%) | 1099 (73·4%) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | ||
| Yes | 174 (24·8%) | 399 (26·6%) | 0·93 (0·80–1·08) | 0·350 | 0·95 (0·82–1·11) | 0·520 | |
| Data missing | 0 | 0 | |||||
| Spontaneous vaginal birthc | No | 201 (28·6) | 436 (29·1%) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | ||
| Yes | 502 (71·4%) | 1062 (70·9%) | 1·01 (0·95–1·07) | 0·804 | 1·02 (0·96–1·08) | 0·566 | |
| Data missing | 0 | 0 | |||||
| Vacuum extraction | No | 677 (96·3%) | 1461 (97·5%) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | ||
| Yes | 26 (3·7%) | 37 (2·5%) | 1·50 (0·91–2·45) | 0·109 | 1·19 (0·72–1·97) | 0·490 | |
| Data missing | 0 | 0 | |||||
| Induction of labourd | No | 565 (91·3%) | 1176 (88·0%) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | ||
| Yes | 54 (8·7%) | 161 (12·0%) | 0·72 (0·54–0·97) | 0·031 | 0·66 (0·49–0·88) | 0·004 | |
| Maternal anaemia postpartum Hb < 11 g/dl | > 11 g/dl | 564 (80·2%) | 1069 (71·4%) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | ||
| < 11 g/dl | 139 (19·8%) | 429 (28·6%) | 0·69 (0·58–0·81) | 0·0001 | 0·72 (0·60–0·85) | 0·0001 | |
| Data missing | 0 | 0 | |||||
| Maternal anaemia postpartum Hb < 9·5 g/dl | > 9·5 g/dl | 675 (96·0%) | 1399 (93·4%) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | ||
| < 9·5 g/dl | 28 (4·0%) | 99 (6·6%) | 0·60 (0·40–0·91) | 0·015 | 0·62 (0·41–0·95) | 0·026 | |
| Data missing | 0 | 0 | |||||
| Maternal blood transfusion postpartum | No | 700 (99·6%) | 1455 (97·1) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | ||
| Yes | 3 (0·4%) | 43 (2·9%) | 0·15 (0·05–0·48) | 0·001 | 0·14 (0·04–0·47) | 0·001 | |
| Data missing | 0 | 0 |
Data are in n (%) and risk ratio RR (95% CI) and adjusted risk ratio aRR (95% CI). CS = caesarean section. The table includes singleton births by women from rural areas.
a
Univariate analyses using Pearson's chi-squared tests.
b
Multivariate analyses using generalised linear models for binary outcomes with the log link to adjust for mothers' age, parity, previous CS and year of current birth.
c
Proportion of previous CS could not be adjusted for due to the number who had vaginal birth combined with previous CS was less than 1%.
d
Planned CS was excluded from reference group.