TABLE 1.
Characteristics of included/excluded ALSPAC participants1
| n (%) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Participant characteristic | Excluded | Included | OR (95% CI) | P value |
| 11,507/13,674 (84.2) | 2167/13,674 (15.9) | — | ||
| Maternal age at pregnancy, y | <0.001 | |||
| Total n | 11,507 | 2167 | — | |
| ≤19 | 600 (5.2) | 53 (2.5) | 1.00 | |
| 20–<25 | 2341 (20.3) | 313 (14.4) | 1.51 (1.11, 2.05) | |
| 25–<30 | 4437 (38.6) | 850 (39.2) | 2.17 (1.62, 2.90) | |
| 30–<35 | 3016 (26.2) | 709 (32.7) | 1.66 (1.99, 3.57) | |
| ≥35 | 1113 (9.7) | 242 (11.2) | 1.46 (1.80, 3.37) | |
| Maternal education | <0.001 | |||
| Total n | 9969 | 2167 | — | |
| None/CSE | 3105 (31.2) | 540 (24.9) | 1.00 | |
| Vocational/O-level | 5672 (56.9) | 1262 (58.2) | 1.28 (1.15, 1.43) | |
| A-level and above | 1192 (12.0) | 365 (16.8) | 1.76 (1.52, 2.04) | |
| Maternal social class2 | 0.077 | |||
| Total n | 7961 | 1871 | — | |
| I/II | 2937 (36.9) | 733 (39.2) | 1.00 | |
| III nonmanual/III manual | 4042 (50.8) | 935 (50.0) | 0.92 (0.83, 1.03) | |
| IV/V | 982 (12.3) | 203 (10.9) | 0.83 (0.70, 0.98) | |
| Paternal social class | 0.056 | |||
| Total n | 8700 | 1996 | — | |
| I/II | 3851 (44.3) | 963 (483) | 1.00 | |
| III nonmanual/III manual | 3734 (42.9) | 794 (39.8) | 0.85 (0.77, 0.94) | |
| IV/V | 1115 (12.8) | 239 (12.0) | 0.86 (0.73, 1.00) | |
| Maternal Townsend score3 | <0.001 | |||
| Total n | 7214 | 2167 | — | |
| 1 | 2347 (32.5) | 658 (30.4) | 1.00 | |
| 2 | 1399 (19.4) | 340 (15.7) | 0.87 (0.75, 1.00) | |
| 3 | 1908 (26.5) | 577 (26.6) | 1.08 (0.95, 1.22) | |
| 4 | 1560 (21.6) | 592 (27.3) | 1.36 (1.19, 1.54) | |
| Maternal smoking status in first trimester | 0.001 | |||
| Total n | 10,712 | 2167 | — | |
| No | 7975 (74.5) | 1685 (77.8) | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 2737 (25.6) | 482 (22.2) | 0.83 (0.75, 93) | |
| Maternal dietary scores | — | |||
| Total n | 9670 | 2167 | — | |
| Healthy | −0.024 ± 1.00 | 0.100 ± 0.98 | — | 0.000 |
| Traditional | −0.006 ± 1.00 | 0.009 ± 0.97 | — | 0.531 |
| Processed | 0.011 ± 1.01 | −0.055 ± 0.94 | — | 0.006 |
| Confectionery | 0.008 ± 1.01 | −0.023 ± 0.96 | — | 0.201 |
| Vegetarian | −0.002 ± 0.99 | 0.009 ± 1.03 | — | 0.643 |
1
ALSPAC, Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children; CSE, Certificate of Secondary Education.
2
Social class: I, higher managerial, administrative, or professional; II, intermediate managerial, administrative or professional; III, nonmanual, supervisory or clerical and junior management, administrative or professional; III, manual, skilled manual workers; IV, semiskilled and unskilled manual workers; V, casual or lowest-grade workers.
3
The Townsend score is a measure of deprivation: 1 = least deprived; 4 = most deprived (37).