Table 2.

Review of Published Works on Regarding Intracranial Hemorrhage Following Infective Endocarditis Caused By Cardiobacterium spp.

Reference	Age	Sex	Risk factors	Clinical presentation	Organism	Findings of TEE	Type of ICH	Cerebral aneurysm	Empirical antibiotics therapy	Duration for detection of species after incubation
12	41	F	AV replacement, pulmonary autograft	Dyspnea, myalgia, and malaise	Cardiobacterium hominis	AV vegetations	Subcortical hematoma (6 cm)	NA	CFTX, GM	4 days
13	37	M	Dental procedure	Headache, nausea, vomiting, and worsening disorientation	Cardiobac terium valvarum	AV vegetations	SAH	Solo	VM, CFT, GM	3 days
14	49	M	Aortic valvotomy	Headache and aphasia	Cardiobacterium hominis	AV vegetations	Subcortical hematoma (3 cm)	Multiple	AMP, GM	NA
15	63	F	VSD	Headache, slurred speech, and vomiting	Cardiobacterium valvarum	MV and VSD vegetations	SAH	Solo	PCG, cloxacillin, GM	4 days
16	35	F	AV replacement	Headache, myalgia, arthralgia, and nausea	Cardiobacterium hominis	NA	Subcortical hematoma (2 cm×3 cm)	Solo	CFT	NA
17	65	M	Hepatosplenomegaly	aphasia	Cardiobacterium hominis	NA	Subcortical hematoma (7 cm×4 cm)	Solo	AMP	NA
18	33	M	Rheumatic heart disease	Malaise, chilly sensation, and erythema nodusum	Cardiobacterium hominis	NA	SAH	NA	PCG, Streptomycin	NA
Present case	63	M	AV replacement, MV repair	Headache, and visual field defect	Cardiobacterium hominis	MV hyperplasia	Subcortical hematoma (7 cm×4 cm)	Solo	MPEM	20 days

AMP: ampicillin, AV: aortic valve, CFT: ceftazidime, CFTX: ceftriaxone, GM: gentamycin, ICH: intracranial hemorrhage, MV: mitral valve, NA: no available, PCG: penicillin G, SAH: subarachnoid hemorrhage, TEE: transesophageal echocardiography, VM: vancomycin, VSD: ventricular septal defect