Table 3.
Odd Ratios (OR) for smoking during pregnancy with 95% Confidence Intervals (95%CI). Comparison between models for the general migrant population (A) and for a sub-sample of siblings with discordant maternal times of residence (B).
| N | All migrants (n = 375,964) |
Sub-sample (n = 116,718) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | N | OR | 95% CI | ||
| Migrants by level of iHDI | ||||||
| Low | ||||||
| ≤5 | 15,166 | 0.33*** | [0.28,0.38] | 9601 | 0.35*** | [0.21,0.56] |
| 6 to 15 (ref) | 26,103 | 1 | 8755 | 1 | ||
| ≥16 | 3597 | 3.26*** | [2.79,3.80] | 1224 | 3.27*** | [1.65,6.50] |
| Medium | ||||||
| ≤5 | 30,077 | 0.45*** | [0.41,0.49] | 16,041 | 0.18*** | [0.13,0.26] |
| 6 to 15 (ref) | 52,320 | 1 | 14,330 | 1 | ||
| ≥16 | 13,713 | 2.16*** | [1.98,2.35] | 2222 | 3.38*** | [2.12,5.40] |
| High | ||||||
| ≤5 | 43,026 | 0.74*** | [0.71,0.77] | 22,089 | 0.55*** | [0.48,0.63] |
| 6 to 15 (ref) | 63,025 | 1 | 16,593 | 1 | ||
| ≥16 | 25,197 | 1.09*** | [1.05,1.14] | 4835 | 1.57*** | [1.30,1.90] |
| Very high | ||||||
| ≤5 | 28,355 | 0.82*** | [0.79,0.86] | 10,833 | 0.29*** | [0.23,0.36] |
| 6 to 15 (ref) | 39,393 | 1 | 8062 | 1 | ||
| ≥16 | 35,992 | 1.49*** | [1.43,1.56] | 2133 | 6.50*** | [4.75,8.89] |
Models adjusted for maternal age and year of birth.
Logistic regression was used for the general sample with robust standard errors and multilevel logistic regression for the discordant subsample.
Note: The general migrant group has 375,9640 observations from 228,622 migrant women.
The discordant sample has 166,718 observations from 43,439 women.