Table 1.
| Characteristic | Overall (N=2946) |
Functional aerobic capacity (% predicted) |
P valuee | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≤69 (n=131) |
70-99 (n=1314) |
100-129 (n=1329) |
≥130 (n=172) |
||||||||
| No.d | Value | No.d | Value | No.d | Value | No.d | Value | No.d | Value | ||
| Age (y) | 2946 | 52.1±7.5 | 131 | 51.9±8.0 | 1314 | 51.1±7.3 | 1329 | 52.7±7.4 | 172 | 55.4±6.9 | <.001 |
| Race | 2518 | 113 | 1108 | 1146 | 151 | .39 | |||||
| White non-Hispanic | 2455 (97.5) | 108 (95.6) | 1078 (97.3) | 1120 (97.7) | 149 (98.7) | ||||||
| Other | 63 (2.5) | 5 (4.4) | 30 (2.7) | 26 (2.3) | 2 (1.3) | ||||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 2797 | 29.0±4.4 | 124 | 36.2±6.2 | 1252 | 30.4±4.1 | 1255 | 27.4±3.3 | 166 | 26.0±2.6 | <.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 2946 | 164 (5.6) | 131 | 26 (19.8) | 1314 | 89 (6.8) | 1329 | 47 (3.5) | 172 | 2 (1.2) | <.001 |
| Renal disease | 2946 | 34 (1.2) | 131 | 5 (3.8) | 1314 | 16 (1.2) | 1329 | 13 (1.0) | 172 | 0 (0.0) | .03 |
| Hypertension | 2946 | 131 | 1314 | 1329 | 172 | <.001 | |||||
| None | 2374 (80.6) | 80 (61.1) | 1033 (78.6) | 1114 (83.8) | 147 (85.5) | ||||||
| Treated | 427 (14.5) | 40 (30.5) | 210 (16.0) | 156 (11.7) | 21 (12.2) | ||||||
| Untreated | 145 (4.9) | 11 (8.4) | 71 (5.4) | 59 (4.4) | 4 (2.3) | ||||||
| Smoking status | 2598 | 117 | 1124 | 1197 | 160 | <.001 | |||||
| Never | 1601 (61.6) | 60 (51.3) | 671 (59.7) | 769 (64.2) | 101 (63.1) | ||||||
| Former | 791 (30.5) | 43 (36.7) | 332 (29.5) | 362 (30.2) | 54 (33.8) | ||||||
| Current | 206 (7.9) | 14 (12.0) | 121 (10.8) | 66 (5.5) | 5 (3.1) | ||||||
| Family history of CAD | 2896 | 126 | 1295 | 1305 | 170 | ||||||
| Any CAD | 1206 (41.6) | 60 (47.6) | 525 (40.5) | 539 (41.3) | 82 (48.2) | .13 | |||||
| Premature CAD | 804 (27.8) | 37 (29.4) | 345 (26.6) | 359 (27.5) | 63 (37.1) | .04 | |||||
| Cholesterol level (mg/dL) | 2832 | 128 | 1258 | 1277 | 169 | ||||||
| HDL | 51.2±13.6 | 44.8±12.4 | 48.5±12.4 | 54.5±14.0 | 56.9±13.1 | <.001 | |||||
| Total | 205.1±38.2 | 203.9±39.4 | 208.1±39.9 | 203.0±36.7 | 198.5±33.5 | <.001 | |||||
| Fasting blood glucose level (mg/dL) | 2831 | 102.0±17.0 | 128 | 113.5±30.5 | 1258 | 103.4±17.0 | 1276 | 100.0±15.2 | 169 | 98.7±10.9 | <.001 |
| Blood pressure (mm Hg) | 2740 | 117 | 1230 | 1231 | 162 | ||||||
| Systolic | 124.2±14.7 | 130.7±15.9 | 125.4±14.5 | 122.4±14.8 | 123.5±13.1 | <.001 | |||||
| Diastolic | 79.3±9.2 | 83.0±9.7 | 80.5±9.0 | 77.9±9.1 | 78.2±8.3 | <.001 | |||||
| Resting HR (beats/min) | 2180 | 67.1±10.0 | 95 | 74.8±10.8 | 968 | 69.7±9.8 | 990 | 64.7±9.1 | 127 | 60.2±8.9 | <.001 |
| Framingham risk score | 2946 | 7.2±4.2 | 131 | 8.0±4.7 | 1314 | 7.0±4.3 | 1329 | 7.1±4.1 | 172 | 8.2±3.3 | <.001 |
| Exercise | 1621 | 52 | 657 | 795 | 117 | <.001 | |||||
| None | 93 (5.7) | 8 (15.4) | 52 (7.9) | 31 (3.9) | 2 (1.7) | ||||||
| Light | 1035 (63.9) | 38 (73.1) | 479 (72.9) | 469 (60.0) | 49 (41.9) | ||||||
| Moderate | 66 (30.4) | 6 (11.5) | 126 (19.2) | 295 (37.1) | 66 (56.4) | ||||||
| Treadmill test results | 2946 | 131 | 1314 | 1329 | 172 | ||||||
| MET | 11.2±2.0 | 7.2±1.0 | 10.2±1.2 | 12.2±1.2 | 14.8±1.6 | <.001 | |||||
| Peak HR (beats/min) | 168.6±15.4 | 154.8±18.3 | 168.1±15.9 | 170.5±13.9 | 169.0±14.4 | <.001 | |||||
a
BMI = body mass index; CAD = coronary artery disease; HDL = high-density lipoprotein; HR = heart rate; MET = metabolic equivalent.
b
SI conversion factor: To convert to mg/dL values to mmol/L, multiply by 0.0259.
c
Data are presented as mean ± SD or as No. (percentage).
d
Patients with information available for the characteristic.
e
Functional aerobic capacity groups were compared using analysis of variance for continuous variables and the χ2 test or Fisher exact test for nominal variables.