Figure 3.

Difference in pulmonary blood volumes for ever-smokers versus never-smokers, by sex. Black diamonds, total blood volume (TBV); blue circles, blood volume of smaller peripheral vessels (defined as cross-sectional area <5 mm² [BV5]). Results of interaction analyses from fully adjusted linear regression models, including adjustment for age, sex, height, weight, personal educational attainment, occupation category, quartiles of census tract median neighborhood income, and Framingham Heart Study cohort (Offspring vs. Third Generation).