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. 2019 May 30;19:345. doi: 10.1186/s12913-019-4159-1

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© The Author(s). 2019

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 3 — Proportion of residual variation at the hospital, Local Health District, and Statistical Local Area of residence levels. The total length of the bars shows the total proportion of variation explained by hospital, Local Health District, and Statistical Local Area. The remaining residual variation is attributable to unmeasured characteristics of the individual episode. LHD was not included in the models for EVAR and spinal fusion because of the small number of hospitals performing these procedures. ERCP, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. EVAR, endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm