Table 1.

Main clinical features and circulating BMP9 levels in the study population

Variable	Controls (N = 121)	HTN (N = 131)	HTN + CHD (N = 87)	CHD (N = 78)
Age (yr)	50.5 ± 11.7	51.5 ± 10.8	51.9 ± 10.5	52.4 ± 10.8
WHR	0.88 ± 0.08	0.90 ± 0.05*	0.92 ± 0.06*	0.93 ± 0.05**
BMI (kg/m2)	23.8 ± 3.4	25.1 ± 3.2*	24.8 ± 3.3*	23.9 ± 3.1
FAT (%)	28.7 ± 7.3	31.7 ± 7.0**	31.4 ± 6.9**	27.1 ± 5.9
SBP (mmHg)	117.7 ± 13.0	147.5 ± 23.1**	137.8 ± 17.9**	120.7 ± 10.5
DBP (mmHg)	74.4 ± 8.9	84.4 ± 13.6**	80.0 ± 10.9**	73.5 ± 7.3
TC (mmol/L)	4.52 ± 1.16	4.68 ± 0.90	4.47 ± 1.21	4.43 ± 1.41
TG (mmol/L)	1.22 (0.83–1.61)	1.51 (1.07–1.97)**	1.51 (1.07–2.54)**	1.28 (0.92–2.19)**
LDL-C (mmol/L)	2.74 ± 0.86	2.69 ± 0.76	2.96 ± 4.11	2.57 ± 1.02
HDL-C (mmol/L)	1.29 (1.04–1.54)	1.15 (1.00–1.31)	1.19 (0.95–1.23)	1.21 (0.88–1.28)
FFA (μmol/L)	0.53 (0.37–0.64)	0.56 (0.40–0.76)	0.41 (0.29–0.58)**	0.45 (0.33–0.63)**
FBG (mmol/L)	5.28 ± 0.53	5.29 ± 0.41	5.18 ± 0.45	5.18 ± 0.39
FIns (mU/L)	9.89 (5.38–15.10)	21.9 (18.4–30.0) **	13.7 (7.4–21.5)**	12.4 (6.5–19.8)**
2 h-BG (mmol/L)	6.29 ± 1.07	6.55 ± 0.84	6.62 ± 0.66*	6.85 ± 1.03*
HbA1c (%)	5.65 ± 0.40	5.69 ± 0.39	5.73 ± 0.27*	5.71 ± 0.31*
HOMA-IR	2.45 (1.50–3.60)	5.04 (4.16–6.83)**	3.16 (1.61–4.88)**	2.71 (1.60–4.28)*
BMP9 (ng/L)	123.3 (45.5–178.6)	53.2 (31.8–62.8) **	52.9(27.2–74.7) **	55.0 (24.9–71.4)**

HTN, essential hypertension; CHD, coronary heart disease; WHR, waist hip ratio; BMI, body mass index; FAT%, the percentage of fat in vivo; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, Diastolic blood pressure; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyeride; LDL-C, Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; FFA, free fatty acid; FBG, Fasting blood glucose; FIns, fasting insulin; 2 h-BG, 2-hourblood glucose after glucose overload; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance. Data are mean ± SD or median (interquartile range). *Data are mean ± SE, Adjustment for age, gender, BMI. *P < 0.05 or **P < 0.01 compared with controls