Table 1. Identification of genes that increase enzymatic saccharification efficiency.
| Gene ID | Overexpressed sequencea | Gene Symbols | Function Categoryb | Change in glucose yeildsc (seedlings) | Change in glucose yeildsc (stems) | Change in xylose yeildsc (stems) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AT1G64620 | pda12524 | DOF1.8 | TF (Dof type) | 160.47 | 106.23 | 113.37 |
| AT5G15830 | pda10857 | BASIC LEUCINE-ZIPPER 3 (BZIP3) | TF (bZIP type) | 128.41 | 92.29 | 92.39 |
| AT5G20710 | pda00366 | BETA-GALACTOSIDASE 7 (BGAL7) | CAZyme (GH35) | 125.00 | 103.70 | 98.38 |
| AT1G22640 | pda03176 | MYB3 | TF (MYB type) | 123.66 | 92.32 | 106.57 |
| AT1G02640 | pda01641 | BETA-XYLOSIDASE 2 (BXL2) | CAZyme (GH3) | 123.52 | 131.78 | 117.09 |
| AT2G26730 | pda04099 | LRR kinase | 119.30 | 119.77 | 97.97 | |
| AT3G42950 | pda04403 | CAZyme (GH28) | 117.80 | 105.98 | 102.51 | |
| AT5G44030 | pda13285 | CELLULOSE SYNTHASE 4 (CESA4)/IRREGULAR XYLEM 5(IRX5) | CAZyme (GT2) | 113.87 | 85.43 | 106.24 |
| AT3G16520 | pda00717 | UDP-GLUCOSYL TRANSFERASE 88A1 | CAZyme (GT1) | 113.73 | 110.31 | 104.94 |
| AT3G18080 | pda02043 | B-S GLUCOSIDASE 44 | CAZyme (GH1) | 113.37 | 107.77 | 96.06 |
| AT3G62720 | pda05997 | XYLOSYLTRANSFERASE 1 | CAZyme (GT34) | 112.53 | 119.09 | 101.23 |
| AT2G28110 | pda08587 | FRAGILE FIBER 8 (FRA8)/IRREGULAR XYLEM 7 (IRX7) | CAZyme (GT47) | 111.84 | 106.74 | 95.99 |
| AT5G20240 | pda11065 | PISTILLATA (PI) | TF (MADS-box type) | 111.80 | 88.23 | 89.87 |
| AT3G15350 | pda03008 | CAZyme (GT14) | 110.49 | 115.65 | 114.03 | |
| AT3G18660 | pda04027 | GLUCURONIC ACID SUBSTITUTION OF XYLAN 1(GUX1) | CAZyme (GT8) | 109.51 | 95.80 | 104.55 |
| AT5G13180 | pda00727 | VND-INTERACTING 2 (VNI2) | TF (NAC type) | 108.59 | 107.89 | 109.62 |
| AT4G24060 | pda00786 | DOF4.6 | TF (Dof type) | 107.98 | 113.85 | 120.99 |
| AT2G30590 | pda09817 | WRKY21 | TF (WRKY type) | 107.96 | 103.95 | 101.85 |
| AT1G19940 | pda04559 | GLYCOSYL HYDROLASE 9B5 | CAZyme (GH9) | 107.70 | 113.76 | 97.21 |
| AT3G60140 | pda01565 | BETA GLUCOSIDASE 30 (BGLU30) | CAZYme (GH1) | 107.62 | 98.58 | 97.85 |
a Arabidopsis full-length cDNA clones developed by RIKEN Genomic Sciences Center were used to generate overexpressors. b TF, transcription factor; CAZyme, carbohydrate active enzyme; GH, glycoside hydrolase; GT, glycosyltransferase. c Three independent lines of overexpressors and control plants were subjected to enzymatic saccharification analysis, and the average yields of 3 lines were compared between overexpressors and control plants. Ratio of sugar yeilds of overexpressors to those of control plants were shown. Bold, statistically-significant different from the control (Student’s t-test, p<0.05).