Table 3.

Caregiver and Nurse Agreement, Sensitivity, and Specificity for Identifying Presence (n = 15) and Absence (n = 14) of Patient-rated Dyspnea

Rater	κ Coefficient, Agreement with Patient	Sensitivity, Dyspnea Present; NRS ≥ 4 (%)	Specificity, Dyspnea Absent; NRS < 4 (%)
Caregiver	0.65 (0.40 to 0.90)	100 (78 to 100)	64 (35 to 72)
Nurse	0.19 (−0.10 to 0.48)	33 (12 to 62)	86 (57 to 98)

Definition of abbreviation: NRS = numerical rating scale.

Data are displayed for 29 complete sets of patient, caregiver, and nurse ratings; 95% confidence intervals are included in parentheses.