Table 4.

Nurse Detection of Moderate to Severe Pain (NRS ≥ 4) as Individual Predictors of Treatment in Separate Logistic Regression Models

Predictor	Outcome: Medication administration
	Opioids			Benzodiazepines			Inhaled Bronchodilators
	OR	95% CI	P Value	OR	95% CI	P Value	OR	95% CI	P Value
Nurse-detected moderate to severe pain	2.70	1.10–6.60	0.03	0.69	0.24–2.00	0.50	0.96	0.40–2.32	0.93

Predictor	Outcome: Respiratory Support Administration
	Supplemental Oxygen			Ventilator Adjustment			Device Change
	OR	95% CI	P Value	OR	95% CI	P Value	OR	95% CI	P Value
Nurse-detected moderate to severe pain	3.11	0.65–15.03	0.16	0.67	0.19–2.35	0.53	1.32	0.50–3.51	0.57

Definition of abbreviations: CI = confidence interval; NRS = numerical rating scale; OR = odds ratio.

Note: n = 137 for all models except those testing oxygen increase (n = 110) and ventilator adjustment (n = 73), because only a subset of patients remained on the same respiratory device or ventilator respectively throughout the shift. Bold indicates statistically significant effects.