Gadallah 1999.

Methods	Study design: parallel quasi‐RCT Study time frame/recruitment period: October 1992 to October 1995 Follow‐up period: 3 years
Participants	Country: USA Setting: single centre Patients undergoing PD catheter placement (no further details) Number: treatment group (76); control group (72) Mean age ± SD (years): treatment group (45.0 ± 1.8); control group (47.2 ± 2.4) Sex (M/F): treatment group (37/39); control group (22/34) Diabetes: not reported Race (White/Black/Latino): treatment group (25/50/1); control group (17/55/0) Exclusion criteria: not reported
Interventions	Treatment group Peritoneoscopic placement Performed by the same 3 nephrologists in a special procedure room under local anaesthesia and sterile conditions Control group Surgical placement Performed by the same 3 surgeons in the operating room under general anaesthetic Other information Both groups received 1g vancomycin IV preoperatively Postoperatively both groups had daily irrigation with 200 ml 1.5% dianeal and dialysis was not study until 1 week from the date of surgery
Outcomes	Early complications Late complications Catheter failure Death Peritonitis Exit site/tunnel infection
Notes	Funding source: not reported
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	High risk	Randomisation method was by alternate months, quasi‐RCT
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	High risk	Alternate months
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Not blinded
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Not blinded
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	3% dropout (5/148)
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	All outcomes were reported
Other bias	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to permit judgement