Li 2009e.

Methods	Study design: parallel RCT Study time frame/recruitment period: May 2005 to January 2006 Follow‐up period: 31.8 patient‐year for treatment group and 20.7 patient‐year for control group
Participants	Country: China Setting: single centre All PD patients entering the PD program Number: treatment group (20); control group (19) Mean age ± SD (years): treatment group (57.8 ± 15.7); control group (61.0 ± 19.4) Sex (M/F): treatment group (10/10); control group (11/8) Diabetes: not reported Exclusion criteria: not reported
Interventions	Treatment group Double‐cuff straight‐tip Tenckhoff catheter with an artificial subcutaneous swan‐neck Control group Conventional double‐cuff straight‐tip swan‐neck catheter
Outcomes	Exit‐site infection rate Peritonitis Catheter‐related complication including catheter migration, outflow failure, surgery ‐related bleeding
Notes	Funding source: none
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	Computer‐generated randomising chart
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to permit judgement
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to permit judgement
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to permit judgement
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	All patients were followed up and analysed
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	All outcomes were reported
Other bias	High risk	Procedures were performed by 3 nephrologists; the study was terminated earlier than planned as they ran out of catheters