Sun 2015a.

Methods	Study design: parallel RCT Study time frame/recruitment period: June 2008 to June 2012 Follow‐up period: 12 months
Participants	Country: China Setting: Single Centre Patients with CKD stage 5 Number: treatment group (48); control group (41) Mean age ± SD (years): treatment group (52.3 ± 17.6); control group (54.9 ± 14.9) Sex (M/F): treatment group (27/21); control group (23/18) Diabetes: treatment group (15/48); control group (12/41) Exclusion criteria: history of abdominal surgery; extensive adhesion; severe COPD; PKD
Interventions	Treatment group Vertical tunnel‐based low‐site PD catheter implantation Control group Traditional open surgery
Outcomes	Catheter malfunction Peritonitis, exit‐site infection and tunnel infection PD fluid leakage, outer cuff extrusion, and inflow or outflow pain
Notes	Funding source: not reported
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to permit judgement
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to permit judgement
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to permit judgement
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to permit judgement
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Low dropout rate
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	High risk	Not all the outcomes were reported
Other bias	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to permit judgement