Table 4.
Overall effects of foam roll training (FOAM), core strength training (CORE), and the control group (CG) on outcome measurements (mean ± SD; 95% CI).
| FOAM (n=13) | CORE (n=11) | CG (n=12) | ANOVA (p-value, effect size f) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre | Post | Pre | Post | Pre | Post | Time | Group | Time x Group | |
| Core Strength Endurance | |||||||||
| Ventral TMS test (s) | 118 ± 39 | 128 ± 41 | 98 ± 38 | 112 ± 36 | 123 ± 37 | 126 ± 38 | 0.092 (0.30) | 0.378 (0.25) | 0.709 (0.15) |
| Lateral TMS test (s) | 58 ± 20 | 76 ± 28 * | 46 ± 13 | 65 ± 18* | 66 ± 22 | 79 ± 28* | <0.001 (0.99) | 0.188 (0.33) | 0.696 (0.15) |
| Dorsal TMS test (s) | 92 ± 20 | 89 ± 22 | 73 ± 8 | 92 ± 36* | 88 ± 20 | 88 ± 31 | 0.150 (0.28) | 0.708 (0.15) | 0.043 (0.46) |
| Muscle Performance | |||||||||
| SLJ (cm) | 155 ± 19 | 152 ± 22 | 172 ± 26 | 173 ± 29 | 159 ± 23 | 150 ± 24* | 0.076 (0.31) | 0.129 (0.36) | 0.230 (0.31) |
| SLTH (cm) | 472 ± 48 | 474 ± 62 | 516 ± 80 | 518 ± 84 | 474 ± 70 | 475 ± 75 | 0.696 (0.07) | 0.270 (0.29) | 0.997 (0.00) |
| Balance | |||||||||
| Y-Balance test (%) | 106 ± 6 | 107 ± 6 | 104 ± 9 | 106 ± 7 | 105 ± 7 | 107 ± 8 | 0.019 (0.43) | 0.926 (0.07) | 0.758 (0.14) |
| ROM | |||||||||
| Stand and reach test (cm) | 3.4 ± 8.8 | 7.3 ± 6.9* | 6.4 ± 5.1 | 8.6 ± 5.1* | 8.4 ± 5.6 | 9.0 ± 5.3 | <0.001 (1.05) | 0.405 (0.24) | 0.005 (0.61) |
TMS, Bourbon trunk muscle strength test; SLJ, standing long jump test; SLTH, single leg triple hop for distance test;
* significantly different from pre-test to post-test within the group.