Table 1. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the study population.
| Maternal Sociodemographic and Clinical Characteristics | N (%)*, Median (IQR), or Mean (SD) (N = 42) |
|---|---|
| 6–14 weeks postpartum | |
| Maternal age (years) | 26.9 (±4.6) |
| Married∞ | 35 (83.3%) |
| Number of previous pregnancies | 2.5 (±1.4) |
| Attended at least some secondary school | 18 (42.9%) |
| Estimated monthly rent (USD°)i | 42 (±41) |
| Weeks postpartum at enrollment | 6.9 (6.6, 10.9) |
| Received DMPA contraception | 29 (69.1%) |
| Infant’s father is HIV positive† | 17 (40.5%) |
| Partner aware of woman’s HIV status | 35 (83.3%) |
| Infant tested for HIV at ~6 weeks of agei | 39 (95.1%) |
| Enrolled in Comprehensive Care Clinic (CCC) | 42 (100%) |
| Months intending to breastfeed | 11.3 (±3.1) |
| Breastfeeding | 42 (100.0%) |
| Counseled about importance of ART adherence | 40 (95.2%) |
| Took ZDV or ART in a previous pregnancy | 21 (50.0%) |
| On ART | 42 (100%) |
| Months between HIV diagnosis and ART start‡ | |
| ≤ 1 month (30 days) | 6 (14.3%) |
| > 1 month (31 days+) | 22 (52.4%) |
| Timing of ART initiation | |
| prior to pregnancy | 10 (23.8%) |
| during pregnancy through delivery | 28 (66.7%) |
| upon or after delivery | 4 (9.5%) |
| Gestation (weeks) at ART start | 21.7 (4.0, 28.0) |
| ART adherence during pregnancyi | |
| missed ≤ two doses per month | 34 (81.0%) |
| missed > two doses per month | 3 (7.1%) |
| not on ARTα | 4 (9.5%) |
| ART adherence during breastfeedingi β | |
| missed ≤ doses per month | 41 (97.6%) |
| missed > two doses per month | - |
| not on ART | - |
| Length of time on ART at 6–14 weeks postpartum, in weeksiv | 25.5 (17.7, 42.9) |
| Self-reported CD4 count at ART initiationiii | |
| > 350 cells/mm3 | 7 (16.7%) |
| ≤ 350 cells/mm3 | 7 (16.7%) |
| Unknown | 25 (59.5%) |
| Lab-reported CD4 counti | |
| > 350 cells/mm3 | 32 (76.2%) |
| ≤ 350 cells/mm3 | 9 (21.4%) |
| Detectable plasma HIV RNA | 12 (28.6%) |
| Virologic failure detected | |
| in plasma (>1000 copies/mL) | 9 (21.4%) |
| in breast milki (>150 copies/mL) | 6 (14.3%) |
| in endocervical swab (>100 copies/mL) | 10 (23.8%) |
| 18–24 weeks postpartum | |
| Time elapsed since enrollment, in weeksii | 13.0 (12.0, 13.1) |
| On ARTii | 39 (92.9%) |
| Breastfeedingii | 38 (90.5%) |
| Detectable plasma HIV RNAiv | 12 (28.6%) |
| Virologic failure detected | |
| in plasmaiv (>1000 copies/mL) | 8 (21.1%) |
| in breast milkiv (>150 copies/mL) | 3 (7.1%) |
| in endocervical swab ii (>100 copies/mL) | 6 (14.3%) |
IQR = Interquartile Range; SD = Standard Deviation; USD = US dollars; DMPA = depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate; ART = antiretroviral therapy; ZDV = zidovudine.
* May not sum to 100% due to missing values.
∞ Versus single/divorced/separated/widowed.
° Using an exchange rate of 92 USD to 1 Kenyan Shilling.
I 1 missing.
ii 2 missing.
iii 3 missing.
iv 4 missing.
† 13 missing.
‡ 14 missing.
α 1 started ART at delivery, and 3 sometime between delivery and enrollment.
β From the time of ART initiation (before enrollment for all women).