Table 3. Correlates of postpartum virologic failure.
| Maternal Sociodemographic and Clinical Characteristics | 6–14 weeks postpartum | 18–24 weeks postpartum | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%)*, Median (IQR), or Mean (SD) | p-value | N (%)*, Median (IQR), or Mean (SD) | p-value | |||
| >1000 copies/mL (failure) (n = 9) | ≤1000 copies/mL (suppression) (n = 33) | >1000 copies/mL (failure) (n = 8) | ≤1000 copies/mL (suppression) (n = 30) | |||
| Maternal age (years) | 24.2 (±4.4) | 27.6(±4.4) | 0.05 | 25.9 (±4.7) | 27.1 (±4.2) | 0.43 |
| Married | 8 (88.9%) | 27 (81.8%) | 1.00 | 7 (87.5%) | 26 (86.7%) | 1.00 |
| Number of past pregnancies | 2.3 (±1.2) | 2.5 (±1.5) | 0.97 | 2.8 (±1.3) | 2.3 (±1.3) | 0.23 |
| Attended at least some secondary school | 5 (55.6%) | 13 (39.4%) | 0.46 | 3 (37.5%) | 13 (43.3%) | 1.00 |
| Estimated monthly rent (USD°) | 66 (±82) | 36 (±15) | 0.67i | 67 (±88) | 37 (±16) | 0.55i |
| Weeks postpartum at enrollment | 7.0 (6.7, 7.7) | 6.7 (6.6, 10.9) | 0.77 | 6.9 (6.6, 7.4) | 6.9 (6.6, 11) | 0.58 |
| Received DMPA contraception | 7 (77.8%) | 22 (66.7%) | 0.70 | 6 (75.0%) | 21 (70.0%) | 1.00 |
| Disclosed HIV status to partner | 8 (88.9%) | 27 (81.8%) | 1.00 | 7 (87.5%) | 26 (86.7%) | 1.00 |
| Months intending to breastfeed | 13.3 (±4.0) | 10.7 (±2.6) | 0.05 | 13.5 (±4.2) | 10.8 (±2.6) | 0.06 |
| Took ART in a previous pregnancy | 4 (44.4%) | 17 (51.5%) | 1.00 | 3 (37.5%) | 17 (56.7%) | 0.44 |
| Timing of ART initiation | 0.29 | 0.11 | ||||
| prior to pregnancy | 1 (11.1%) | 9 (27.3%) | 2 (25.0%) | 6 (20.0%) | ||
| pregnancy | 6 (66.7%) | 22 (66.7%) | 4 (50.0%) | 23 (76.7%) | ||
| after delivery | 2 (22.2%) | 2 (6.1%) | 2 (25.0%) | 1 (3.3%) | ||
| Gestation (weeks) at ART start | 27 (26, 32) | 20 (0, 25) | 0.02i | 26 (12, 36) | 20 (8, 27) | 0.20 |
| ART adherence | 0.21i | 0.22i | ||||
| missed ≤ 2 doses/month | 6 (66.7%) | 28 (84.9%) | 6 (75.0%) | 25 (83.3%) | ||
| missed > 2 doses/month | 1 (11.1%) | 2 (6.1%) | 2 (25.0%) | 3 (10.0%) | ||
| not on ART | 2 (22.2%) | 2 (6.1%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (3.3%) | ||
| Length of time on ART at 6–14 weeks | 17.3 (12.1, 30.0) | 27.7 (19.9, 43.9) | 0.08iii | 26.0 (9.9, 66.7) | 24.3 (18.9, 39.3) | 0.77ii |
| CD4 count 6–14 weeks postpartum | 0.38i | 0.05i | ||||
| > 350 cells/mm3 | 6 (66.7%) | 26 (78.8%) | 4 (50.0%) | 25 (83.3%) | ||
| ≤ 350 cells/mm3 | 3 (33.3%) | 6 (18.2%) | 4 (50.0%) | 4 (13.3%) | ||
IQR = Interquartile Range; SD = Standard Deviation; ART = antiretroviral therapy; DMPA = depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate;
* May not sum to 100% due to missing values.
i 1 missing.
ii 3 missing.
iii 4 missing.
° Exchange rate of 92 USD to 1 Kenyan Shilling.