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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Biotechnol. 2019 Apr 1;37(5):527–530. doi: 10.1038/s41587-019-0070-x

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Monomeric IgA in a plant seed matrix prevents F4-ETEC infection in piglets. The conventional secretory IgA was deconstruction to VHH-IgA based secretory IgA (sVHH-IgA) and monomeric IgA (mVHH-IgA) (a), produced in Arabidopsis seeds and delivered feed-admixed to evaluate efficacy in F4-ETEC challenged piglets (b), which showed that the mVHH-IgA fed group rapidly cleared the bacteria (c), and had correspondingly low seroconversion of anti-F4-ETEC IgG (d) and IgA (e) serum titers. The line graphs depict group mean and error bars represent the standard error of the mean. Statistical significance (p values) of changes in feed effects over time compared with negative control were assessed by an approximate F-test following a repeated measurements analysis using the residual maximum likelihood.