Comparison 17. Appendix 2: lithium vs valproate ‐ single trial data and less common adverse events.

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Change in weight (in kg)	1	268	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.90 [‐1.65, ‐0.15]
2 Weight gain greater than 7%	1	181	Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.82 [0.43, 1.56]
3 Change in aspartate aminotransferase IU/L	1	268	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐5.1 [‐9.97, ‐0.23]
4 Change in alanine aminotransferase IU/L	1	268	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐2.90 [‐8.69, 2.89]
5 Change in platelet count (x10^9/L)	1	268	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	48.00 [31.20, 64.80]
6 Fatigue	1	181	Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.10 [0.58, 2.09]
7 Constipation	1	268	Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	14.89 [0.84, 263.32]
8 Change in creatinine mcmol/L	1	268	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	3.60 [0.57, 6.63]
9 Thyroid function	1	804	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.48 [0.11, 0.86]
9.1 Change in TSH in mUI/L	1	268	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.48 [0.09, 0.87]
9.2 Change in T4 in pmol/L	1	268	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐1.9 [‐6.88, 3.08]
9.3 Change in T3 in pmol/L	1	268	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.77 [‐0.79, 2.33]
10 Change in glucose in mmol/L	1	268	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.26 [‐0.13, 0.65]
11 Change in cholesterol in mmol/L	1	268	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.05 [‐0.20, 0.30]
12 Change in triglycerides in mmol/L	1	268	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.09 [‐0.17, 0.35]
13 Somnolence	3	402	Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.70 [0.33, 1.50]
14 Constipation	1	268	Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	14.89 [0.84, 263.32]