Table 3.

Short- and long-term effect of coffee intake clinical trials on glucose and insulin AUC in lean healthy, overweight and T2DM subjects^∗.

Authors, year	GLUCOSE§						INSULIN§						ISIǂ
	Coffee		Control¥		Decaf		Coffee		Control¥		Decaf
	AUC	SEM	AUC	SEM	AUC	SEM	AUC	SEM	AUC	SEM	AUC	SEM
Short term
Lean healthy
Moisey et al., 200815	253a	40	–	–	103b	39	42727	11155	–	–	33241	14541	DC↑1
Gavrieli et al., 201319	8.98	0.43	8.20	0.30	–	–	283.35	23.61	278.49	30.55	–	–	–
Overweight
van Dijk et al., 200916	–	–	962	134	958	134	–	–	54727	21658	52324	21658	–
Gavrieli et al., 201319	9.41a	0.30	8.35b	0.24	–	–	332.66	28.47	324.33	25.00	–	–	–
Robertson et al., 201518	237a	102	172b	89	–	–	10294	7376	8238	6114	–	–	NS1
T2DM
Krebs et al., 201217	2547a	120	2443b	101	2455ab	118	66769	10528	65866	9299	68943	9695	NS1
Long termǂ
Wedick et al., 201135	13.0	#	13.8	#	14.3	#	618	#	697.5	#	771	#	NS1,2
Ohnaka et al., 201237	16.9a	#	21.1b	#	20.3ab	#	1114	#	917	#	633	#	NS1,2

*: Data extracted from the original papers.

^¥: Water.

^§: Means in the same row without a common superscript letter differ significantly p < 0.05.

NS: no statistically significant difference was found between study groups.

ǂ: van Dam et al. (2004)³⁵ was removed from the table because they did not performed the AUC calculation^#.

---: non-applicable.

^#: Raw data not provided.

^ǂ: ISI: Insulin Sensitivity Index.

¹: Matsuda Index for decaffeinated coffee.

²: HOMA-IR: homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance.