Table 2.
Multilevel regression models of AHCvas
| M1 | M2 | M3 | M4 | M5 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Level-1 parameters | |||||
| Constant |
93.87*** (0.662) |
95.76*** (1.481) |
92.71*** (1.770) |
94.39*** (1.856) |
96.71*** (2.037) |
| AgeAHS |
− 0.723*** (0.026) |
− 0.757*** (0.059) |
− 0.751*** (0.071) |
− 0.696*** (0.075) |
− 0.734*** (0.082) |
| Level-2 parameters: intercept | |||||
| Age: 18–34 |
− 4.143*** (1.398) |
− 4.654*** (1.315) |
− 4.564*** (1.312) |
− 4.636*** (1.318) |
|
| Age: 65+ |
− 0.148 (2.023) |
3.372* (1.968) |
2.472 (1.969) |
2.673 (2.000) |
|
| Female |
0.687 (1.317) |
0.864 (1.278) |
0.660 (1.269) |
0.686 (1.257) |
|
| Education: tertiary |
− 1.053 (1.321) |
− 1.238 (1.212) |
− 1.026 (1.204) |
− 0.856 (1.193) |
|
| Current healtha |
0.280*** (0.047) |
0.268*** (0.046) |
0.271*** (0.046) |
||
| High-risk alcohol |
1.032 (2.056) |
0.406 (2.038) |
0.0466 (2.012) |
||
| Smoking |
2.114 (1.557) |
2.320 (1.538) |
2.553* (1.527) |
||
| Lack of exercise |
1.024 (1.244) |
0.796 (1.238) |
0.305 (1.243) |
||
| BMI 25+ |
3.220** (1.312) |
3.455*** (1.295) |
3.501*** (1.289) |
||
| Reference: mixed |
− 2.844* (1.577) |
− 2.825* (1.585) |
|||
| Reference: others |
− 3.101** (1.377) |
− 2.640* (1.368) |
|||
| Relatives’ lifespan 75+ |
− 3.061** (1.272) |
||||
| Informal caregiver |
− 1.123 (1.415) |
||||
| Level-2 parameters: slope | |||||
| AgeAHS × age: 18–34 |
0.083 (0.056) |
0.066 (0.053) |
0.075 (0.053) |
0.104* (0.053) |
|
| AgeAHS × age: 65+ |
− 0.055 (0.080) |
0.058 (0.079) |
0.036 (0.080) |
− 0.018 (0.081) |
|
| AgeAHS × female |
− 0.011 (0.052) |
0.009 (0.052) |
0.012 (0.052) |
0.002 (0.051) |
|
| AgeAHS × education: tertiary |
0.023 (0.052) |
0.007 (0.049) |
0.012 (0.049) |
0.012 (0.048) |
|
| AgeAHS × current healtha |
0.007*** (0.002) |
0.007*** (0.002) |
0.007*** (0.002) |
||
| AgeAHS × high-risk alcohol |
0.150* (0.083) |
0.132 (0.083) |
0.143* (0.081) |
||
| AgeAHS × smoking |
− 0.022 (0.063) |
− 0.023 (0.063) |
− 0.042 (0.062) |
||
| AgeAHS × lack of exercise |
− 0.125** (0.050) |
− 0.132*** (0.050) |
− 0.140*** (0.050) |
||
| AgeAHS × BMI 25+ |
0.089* (0.053) |
0.090* (0.053) |
0.070 (0.052) |
||
| AgeAHS × reference: mixed |
− 0.056 (0.064) |
− 0.034 (0.065) |
|||
| AgeAHS × reference: others |
− 0.138** (0.056) |
− 0.142** (0.055) |
|||
| AgeAHS × relative’s lifespan 75+ |
0.007 (0.052) |
||||
| AgeAHS × informal caregiver |
0.166*** (0.057) |
||||
| Random effect parameters | |||||
| Variance (ageAHS) |
0.117*** (0.013) |
0.116*** (0.013) |
0.097*** (0.011) |
0.095*** (0.011) |
0.091*** (0.011) |
| Variance (constant) |
75.483*** (8.697) |
70.870*** (8.257) |
56.961*** (6.813) |
54.746*** (6.633) |
52.875*** (6.446) |
| Covariance (constant, ageAHS) |
0.041 (0.238) |
0.149 (0.230) |
− 0.234 (0.197) |
− 0.320* (0.194) |
− 0.283 (0.188) |
| AIC | 7657.354 | 7624.635 | 7522.899 | 7401.364 | 7352.859 |
| Observations | 1145 | 1139 | 1133 | 1115 | 1109 |
| Number of groups | 194 | 193 | 192 | 189 | 188 |
Standard errors in parentheses
***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.1
aCurrent health is measured on the EQVAS scale, centred on the sample mean