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. 2019 Jun 1;11(2):18. doi: 10.1038/s41368-019-0052-3

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — Substrate elasticity alters vinculin expression in osteocytes. a Representative CLSM images showing cytoskeletal changes by characterizing F-actin in osteocytes in response to substrates with different stiffness (n = 4). Changes in F-actin in osteocytes are also presented in the High-Low model in CLSM. b Histogram showing the change in cell spreading area of osteocytes in response to substrates with different stiffnesses. Statistical data are based on more than 130 cells in each group in four independent experiments (n = 4). *P < 0.05. c Histogram showing the change of F-actin by immunofluorescence intensity in osteocytes in response to substrates with different stiffnesses. Statistical data are based on more than 130 cells in each group in four independent experiments (n = 4). *P < 0.05. d Western blotting showing the change of vinculin in osteocytes in response to substrates with different stiffnesses. Quantification was then performed to confirm the changes (n = 3). *P < 0.05. e Representative CLSM images showing the change in vinculin by immunofluorescence staining in osteocytes in response to substrates with different stiffnesses. f Histogram showing the change in vinculin in (e) osteocytes in response to substrates with different stiffnesses. Statistical data are based on more than 100 cells in each group in four independent experiments (n = 4). *P < 0.05