Table 1.

Services and Medications Pre- and Post-opioid Overdose by Time Segment

N = 301 non-fatal opioid overdose patients. Analysis uses West Virginia Medicaid claims data for individuals enrolled under the Affordable Care Act expansion from 2014 to 2016. Month 0 represents month of overdose. Percentages represent percent of individuals with receipt of any drug/service in time segment. Paired t tests compare individual receipt of services and medications in months 1–3 prior to overdose versus other 3-month segments post-overdose. Overdose poisoning codes = 965.00-965.02, 965.09, E850.0-E850.2, T40.yX1A, T40.yX1D, T40.yX1S, T40.yX4A, T40.yX4D, T40.yX4S, T40.yS2A, T40.yX2A, T40.601A, T40.601D, T40.601S, T40.604A, T40.604D, T40.604S, T40.691A, T40.691D, T40.691S, T40.694A, T40.694D, T40.694S; y = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6. Opioid use disorder (OUD) codes = 304.00-304.03, 305.50-305.53, F11x. Office visit codes = 99x. Mental health counseling codes = H0004, H0036, H0031, H0040, H2036, 90791-2, 908x. Buprenorphine HIC = H3W. Naltrexone HIC = H3T. Opioid analgesic HIC = H3x except H3C, H3D, H3E, H3F, H3I, H3K, H3L, H3O, H3T, H3V, H3W, H3Y. Benzodiazepine HIC = H2F and “alprazozolam,” “lorazepam,” “clonazepam,” “diazepam,” “bromazepam.” Antidepressant HIC = H2S, H2U, H2W, H7B, H7C, H7D, H8P, H8T. Antipsychotic HIC = H2G, H7O, H7P, H7R, H7S, H7T, H7U, H7X, H8W. Antianxiety HIC = H2F. Antimania HIC = H2M. Drug claims without HIC codes were labeled using list of drug names generated from HIC algorithm for that drug. Proportions were compared using paired t tests. P value < .05*, < .01**, < .001**