Table 3.
Weighted Negative Binomial Regression of ADL-IADL on Multimorbidity Combinations Compared with Individuals with Only Diabetes (n = 211), and Individuals with Diabetes and Any One Additional Disease Within the Combination (Range, n = 196 to n = 706)
| Group rank | Model 1: unadjusted eb (95% CI) |
Model 2: minimally adjusted eb (95% CI)* |
Model 3: fully adjusted eb (95% CI)† |
|---|---|---|---|
| Comparator: diabetes-only (n = 211) | |||
| Group 1: DM + ARTH + HTN | 5.81 (2.79, 12.08) | 3.02 (1.46, 6.28) | 2.54 (1.22, 5.28) |
| Group 2: DM + HTN | 2.86 (1.22, 6.70) | 1.77 (0.90, 3.47) | 1.84 (0.92, 3.68) |
| Group 3: DM + ARTH + HTN + CVD | 8.94 (4.53, 17.63) | 3.52 (1.78, 6.94) | 2.77 (1.32, 5.79) |
| Group 4: DM + ARTH | 4.54 (1.74, 11.85) | 4.93 (2.07, 11.77) | 4.78 (1.86, 12.30) |
| Group 5: DM + ARTH + HTN + CESD | 18.44 (9.16, 37.14) | 12.84 (6.08, 27.14) | 8.24 (3.45, 19.70) |
| Group 6: DM + ARTH + HTN + CA | 5.42 (2.16, 13.59) | 3.28 (0.90, 12.01) | 1.16 (0.45, 2.98) |
| Group 7: DM + HTN + CVD | 3.05 (1.12, 8.36) | 1.63 (0.79, 3.36) | 1.06 (0.51, 2.18) |
| Group 8: DM + ARTH + HTN + CVD + CESD | 33.11 (14.10, 77.77) | 22.76 (8.69, 59.63) | 6.53 (2.16, 19.75) |
| Group 9: DM + ARTH + HTN + CVD + PLM | 14.56 (7.14, 29.73) | 11.03 (3.87, 31.46) | 5.40 (1.78, 16.38) |
| Group 10: DM + ARTH + HTN + CVD + CA | 10.67 (4.64, 24.52) | 4.61 (1.99, 10.70) | 3.99 (1.44, 11.02) |
| Group 11: DM + HTN + CESD | 15.07 (5.72, 39.73) | 9.49 (4.27, 21.13) | 6.20 (2.51, 15.31) |
| Group 12: DM + ARTH + HTN + PLM | 11.86 (4.85, 29.02) | 7.34 (2.92, 18.44) | 4.68 (1.70, 12.86) |
| Group 13: DM + ARTH + HTN + CVD + STK | 20.17 (8.99, 45.23) | 17.32 (6.08, 49.35) | 12.23 (3.83, 39.09) |
| Group 14: DM + HTN + CA | 7.76 (2.98, 20.19) | 7.32 (2.21, 24.26) | 2.24 (0.72, 6.92) |
| Group 15: DM + ARTH + HTN + STK | 15.31 (6.26, 37.45) | 6.57 (3.09, 13.97) | 4.63 (1.90, 11.25) |
| Group 16: DM + ARTH + CVD | 6.28 (2.49, 15.85) | 8.19 (2.63, 25.51) | 6.81 (1.90, 24.38) |
| Group 17: DM + ARTH + HTN + CVD + PLM + CESD | 36.24 (17.89, 73.40) | 31.66 (13.65, 73.41) | 18.15 (6.25, 52.68) |
| Comparator: diabetes + one disease inside combination (range, n = 196 to n = 706) | |||
| Group 1: DM + ARTH + HTN | 1.74 (1.13, 2.68) | 1.25 (0.83, 1.90) | 1.08 (0.71, 1.65) |
| Group 2: DM + HTN | – | – | – |
| Group 3: DM + ARTH + HTN + CVD | 2.69 (1.64, 4.42) | 1.6 (0.93, 2.74) | 1.31 (0.73, 2.37) |
| Group 4: DM + ARTH | – | – | – |
| Group 5: DM + ARTH + HTN + CESD | 5.23 (3.04, 8.99) | 4.8 (2.65, 8.69) | 2.23 (1.12, 4.42) |
| Group 6: DM + ARTH + HTN + CA | 1.67 (0.84, 3.35) | 1.04 (0.42, 2.61) | 0.62 (0.34, 1.13) |
| Group 7: DM + HTN + CVD | 1.07 (0.44, 2.60) | 0.74 (0.36, 1.54) | 0.64 (0.27, 1.51) |
| Group 8: DM + ARTH + HTN + CVD + CESD | 9.44 (5.95, 14.96) | 6.72 (3.90, 11.59) | 1.53 (0.77, 3.02) |
| Group 9: DM + ARTH + HTN + CVD + PLM | 4.39 (2.48, 7.76) | 3.5 (1.64, 7.46) | 1.43 (0.63, 3.23) |
| Group 10: DM + ARTH + HTN + CVD + CA | 3.3 (1.96, 5.57) | 1.69 (0.87, 3.26) | 1.46 (0.70, 3.06) |
| Group 11: DM + HTN + CESD | 4.79 (2.10, 10.95) | 5.4 (2.60, 11.22) | 3.39 (1.62, 7.08) |
| Group 12: DM + ARTH + HTN + PLM | 3.56 (1.70, 7.47) | 2.57 (1.10, 6.01) | 1.66 (0.61, 4.52) |
| Group 13: DM + ARTH + HTN + CVD + STK | 6.06 (3.27, 11.22) | 5.22 (2.60, 10.45) | 3.47 (1.76, 6.84) |
| Group 14: DM + HTN + CA | 2.82 (1.17, 6.83) | 3.91 (1.49, 10.25) | 1.47 (0.48, 4.44) |
| Group 15: DM + ARTH + HTN + STK | 4.58 (2.25, 9.34) | 2.91 (1.39, 6.11) | 2.24 (0.82, 6.07) |
| Group 16: DM + ARTH + CVD | 1.44 (0.66, 3.15) | 2.53 (1.04, 6.18) | 1.41 (0.56, 3.56) |
| Group 17: DM + ARTH + HTN + CVD + PLM + CESD | 10.35 (6.74, 15.89) | 10.44 (7.02, 15.55) | 3.39 (1.52, 7.57) |
*Adjusted for age, gender, education, baseline BMI, and race/ethnicity
†Additionally adjusted for baseline ADL-IADL index and diabetes duration
NB: Italicized values represent statistically significant findings accounting for multiple comparisons using the Benjamini–Hochberg procedure with an uncorrected α-level of 0.050 and a corrected α-level of 0.029