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. 2019 May 31;9:8149. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-44587-4

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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(A) Temporal development of diatom net growth rate (filled triangles), sinking rate (open circles), and the percentage of living diatoms (red line) in the last five experiments during May 2017 for material collected in the upper photic zone (surface to 10 m). Error bars are standard deviation. (B) Difference in net growth rate for diatoms in the +Si bioassay treatment minus the growth rate in the control, symbols are for living and dead diatoms determined by direct counts of unpreserved material (open circles, denoted as “All”) or living diatoms determined by CDA method (closed circles). Error bars are the 95% confidence interval calculated using a student’s t distribution, which in all cases has a more liberal confidence interval than assuming a normal distribution (i.e. 95% confidence interval range smaller). The zero-difference line is denoted for reference.