Table 1.
Logistic regression models regarding overall compliance (Model 1), compliance with hand hygiene (HH) procedures (Model 2) and compliance with proper glove or gown use (Model 3) over the study period in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of the Umberto I Teaching Hospital of Sapienza University of Rome
| Model 1 Overall compliance OR (95%CI) |
P value | Model 2 HH compliance OR (95%CI) |
P value | Model 3 Proper glove or gown use compliance OR (95%CI) |
P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trimester | ||||||
| First trimester | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |||
| Second trimester | 1.17 (1.02–1.35) | 0.029 | 1.12 (0.91–1.37) | 0.282 | 1.34 (1.07–1.69) | 0.012 |
| Third trimester | 2.29 (1.94–2.70) | < 0.001 | 4.03 (3.18–5.10) | < 0.001 | 1.41 (1.08–1.84) | 0.013 |
| Fourth trimester | 2.92 (2.52–3.39) | < 0.001 | 4.38 (3.55–5.41) | < 0.001 | 2.39 (1.87–3.05) | < 0.001 |
| Fifth trimester | 2.32 (2.00–2.68) | < 0.001 | 3.21 (2.62–3.94) | < 0.001 | 1.99 (1.57–2.54) | < 0.001 |
| Sixth trimester | 2.08 (1.78–2.43) | < 0.001 | 2.53 (2.03–3.15) | < 0.001 | 2.13 (1.63–2.76) | < 0.001 |
| Day | ||||||
| Week day | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |||
| Weekend day | 1.10 (0.99–1.22) | 0.064 | 1.13 (0.98–1.30) | 0.106 | 1.10 (0.92–1.32) | 0.282 |
| Work shift | ||||||
| Morning | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |||
| Afternoon | 1.07 (0.97–1.17) | 0.184 | 0.95 (0.83–1.08) | 0.400 | 1.32 (1.12–1.55) | 0.001 |
| Night | 0.93 (0.84–1.03) | 0.144 | 0.82 (0.72–0.95) | 0.006 | 1.08 (0.91–1.29) | 0.354 |
| Observed healthcare worker (HCW) job category | ||||||
| Physician | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |||
| Nurse | 1.23 (1.12–1.34) | < 0.001 | 1.18 (1.04–1.33) | 0.008 | 1.38 (1.19–1.60) | < 0.001 |
| Healthcare assistant | 0.18 (0.12–0.26) | < 0.001 | 0.09 (0.05–0.15) | < 0.001 | 0.26 (0.16–0.45) | < 0.001 |
| Other | 0.36 (0.24–0.52) | < 0.001 | 0.19 (0.11–0.35) | < 0.001 | 0.57 (0.31–1.06) | 0.076 |
| Observed HCW gender | ||||||
| Female | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |||
| Male | 0.99 (0.92–1.08) | 0.944 | 0.96 (0.86–1.07) | 0.496 | 1.05 (0.91–1.21) | 0.521 |
| Observed ICU staff | ||||||
| External | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |||
| Internal | 1.61 (1.39–1.87) | < 0.001 | 2.55 (2.05–3.18) | < 0.001 | 1.14 (0.89–1.45) | 0.289 |
| Observed care context | ||||||
| Emergency care | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |||
| Routine care | 1.64 (1.42–1.88) | < 0.001 | 2.17 (1.77–2.65) | < 0.001 | 1.38 (1.10–1.74) | 0.006 |
| Indication type | ||||||
| Before patient contact | – | Ref. | – | |||
| After patient contact | – | 5.43 (4.86–6.08) | < 0.001 | – | ||