Table 3.
Associated factors between any domestic violence and low birthweight, preterm birth or cesarean section of Nepal, 2016a
| Domestic violence | Low birthweight | Preterm birth | Cesarean section | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| cOR (95% CI) | Model 1 | Model 2 | cOR (95% CI) | Model 1 | Model 2 | cOR (95% CI) | Model 1 | Model 2 | |
| aOR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | ||||
| All women | |||||||||
| No DV | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Any DV | 0.89 (0.60–1.31) | 0.98 (0.60–1.34) | 0.91 (0.61–1.36) | 0.71 (0.46–1.12) | 0.71 (0.54–1.10) | 0.70 (0.51–1.14) | 1.17 (0.82–1.42) | 0.99 (0.74–1.32) | 0.99 (0.75–1.33) |
| Fear only | 1.29 (0.82–2.04) | 1.37 (0.80–2.03) | 1.23 (0.77–2.01) | 1.25 (0.72–2.26) | 1.25 (0.72–2.26) | 1.26 (0.72–2.23) | 0.83 (0.59–1.18) | 0.89 (0.62–1.27) | 0.94 (0.63–1.28) |
| Violence only | 1.22 (0.53–2.80) | 1.25 (0.54–2.90) | 1.3 (0.57–3.02) | 1.04 (0.37–2.97) | 1.05 (0.45–3.01) | 1.04 (0.43–3.00) | 1.05 (0.56–1.93) | 1.15 (0.61–2.22) | 1.12 (0.69–2.11) |
| Both fear and violence | 0.64 (0.25–1.63) | 0.61 (0.24–1.64) | 0.62 (0.24–1.64) | 2.23 (1.12–4.56) | 2.27 (1.16–4.79) | 2.33 (1.10–4.73) | 1.12 (0.66–1.92) | 1.35 (0.74–2.23) | 1.30 (0.72–2.21) |
| Primiparous | |||||||||
| No DV | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |
| Any DV | 1.58 (0.93–2.50) | 1.69 (0.91–2.78) | 1.53 (0.89–2.64) | 1.54 (0.88–2.83) | 1.51 (0.81–2.90) | 1.52 (0.87–2.94) | 0.98 (0.60–1.34) | 1.01 (0.70–1.55) | 1.00 (0.71–1.54) |
| Fear only | 1.59 (0.86–2.94) | 1.75 (0.89–3.11) | 1.54 (0.81–2.92) | 1.31 (0.63–2.90) | 1.34 (0.64–2.83) | 1.38 (0.66–2.93) | 0.93 (0.67–1.50) | 1.00 (0.61–1.71) | 1.02 (0.61–1.70) |
| Violence only | 2.05 (0.73–5.75) | 2.5 (0.85–7.31) | 2.71 (0.92–7.98) | 0.64 (0.08–4.63) | 0.54 (0.07–4.22) | 0.53 (0.07–4.25) | 1.21 (0.58–2.83) | 1.53 (0.68–3.75) | 1.42 (0.56–3.65) |
| Both | 0.75 (0.15–2.90) | 0.65 (0.15–2.90) | 0.73 (0.16–3.25) | 3.41 (1.20–9.65) | 4.25 (1.42–12.42) | 4.10 (1.70–12.12) | 0.62 (0.23–1.53) | 0.70 (0.33–1.99) | 0.64 (0.24–1.74) |
| Multiparous | |||||||||
| No DV | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |
| Any DV | 0.84 (0.52–1.51) | 0.86 (0.43–1.43) | 0.83 (0.43–1.42) | 1.33 (0.74–2.83) | 1.31 (0.72–2.49) | 1.32 (0.73–2.42) | 0.95 (0.65–1.48) | 0.99 (0.67–1.50) | 0.99 (0.77–1.58) |
| Fear only | 1.02 (0.51–2.03) | 0.94 (0.47–1.90) | 0.94 (0.53–1.89) | 1.2 (0.57–2.61) | 1.29 (0.55–2.55) | 1.25 (0.56–2.62) | 0.74 (0.45–1.22) | 0.80 (0.51–1.34) | 0.77 (0.51–1.34) |
| Violence only | 0.69 (0.14–2.)61 | 0.63 (0.14–2.76) | 0.64 (0.15–2.82) | 1.45 (0.40–4.85) | 1.41 (0.40–4.94) | 1.43 (0.41–5.02) | 0.96 (0.41–2.23) | 0.97 (0.41–2.30) | 0.96 (0.40–2.35) |
| Both | 0.62 (0.24–2.15) | 0.55 (0.16–1.86) | 0.54 (0.16–1.84) | 1.65 (0.65–4.24) | 1.54 (0.57–4.21) | 1.56 (0.60–1.80) | 1.69 (0.81–3.15) | 1.74 (0.98–3.54) | 1.74 (0.87–3.50) |
Abbreviations: OR Odds ratio, cOR Crude odds ratio, aOR Adjusted odds ratio
Model 1: adjusted for study site, women’s age, education and parity (model not stratified)
Model 2: adjusted for study site, women’s age, education, geographical setting and family type, parity (for the analysis of all women)
aamong women with complete case information (N = 1330)