Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of 357 women (375 unique FFQs) by quartile of pre-treatment adherence to the Pro-Fertility Diet in the EARTH Study.
| Pro-Fertility Diet |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quartile (Range) Number of Women/FFQs |
Q1 (11-20) 103/105 |
Q2 (21-23) 90/97 |
Q3 (24-25) 78/82 |
Q4 (26-32) 86/91 |
p-value1 |
| Personal Characteristics | |||||
| Age, years | 35.0 (3.8) | 35.5 (4.0) | 35.0 (4.1) | 35.8 (4.2) | 0.52 |
| Ever smoker, n (%) | 28 (26.7) | 28 (28.9) | 20 (24.4) | 24 (26.4) | 0.93 |
| White, n (%) | 87 (82.9) | 82 (84.5) | 66 (80.5) | 79 (86.8) | 0.71 |
| Education, n (%) | |||||
| High school or less | 10 (9.5) | 5 (5.2) | 9 (11.0) | 5 (5.5) | 0.11 |
| College | 37 (35.2) | 40 (41.2) | 30 (36.6) | 22 (24.2) | |
| Graduate school | 58 (55.2) | 52 (53.6) | 43 (52.4) | 64 (70.3) | |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 24.2 (4.6) | 24.3 (4.4) | 24.2 (3.8) | 23.7 (4.1) | 0.48 |
| Moderate to vigorous exercise, hrs/wk | 2.9 (3.1) | 4.1 (4.5) | 4.2 (4.6) | 4.7 (4.8) | 0.04 |
| Baseline Cycle Characteristics | |||||
| Infertility diagnosis, n (%) | |||||
| Female factor | 28 (26.7) | 28 (28.9) | 23 (28.1) | 32 (35.2) | 0.76 |
| Male factor | 38 (36.2) | 31 (32.0) | 24 (29.3) | 24 (26.4) | |
| Unexplained | 39 (37.1) | 38 (39.2) | 35 (42.7) | 35 (38.5) | |
| Treatment protocol, n (%) | 0.56 | ||||
| Antagonist | 13 (13.7) | 10 (11.1) | 13 (18.3) | 12 (14.3) | |
| Flare | 10 (10.5) | 15 (16.7) | 5 (7.0) | 11 (13.1) | |
| Luteal phase agonist | 72 (75.8) | 65 (72.2) | 53 (74.7) | 61 (72.6) | |
| Egg Donor or Cryo Cycle | 11 (10.1) | 7 (7.3) | 12 (11.5) | 5 (7.8) | |
| Day 3 FSH, IU/L | 7.1 (2.0) | 7.1 (1.8) | 7.2 (2.3) | 8.0 (3.7) | 0.66 |
| Embryo Transfer Day, n (%)2 | 0.69 | ||||
| Day 2 | 5 (6.3) | 4 (5.2) | 3 (4.6) | 4 (5.2) | |
| Day 3 | 32 (40.0) | 37 (48.1) | 36 (55.4) | 40 (52.0) | |
| Day 5 | 43 (53.8) | 36 (46.8) | 26 (40.0) | 33 (42.9) | |
| Number of Embryos Transferred, n (%)2 | 0.29 | ||||
| 1 embryo | 16 (20.0) | 22 (28.6) | 21 (32.8) | 16 (20.8) | |
| 2 embryos | 53 (66.3) | 41 (53.3) | 32 (50.0) | 43 (55.8) | |
| 3+ embryos | 11 (13.8) | 14 (18.2) | 11 (17.2) | 18 (23.4) | |
| Dietary Characteristics | |||||
| Total Calories, kcal/day | 1633 (490) | 1651 (514) | 1905 (624) | 2042 (658) | <0.001 |
| Carbohydrates, % of kcal/day | 48.0 (8.6) | 48.5 (7.7) | 49.1 (7.8) | 50.7 (6.5) | 0.03 |
| Protein, % of kcal/day | 16.9 (3.0) | 16.7 (2.8) | 16.7 (2.7) | 16.6 (2.7) | 0.88 |
| Fat, % of kcal/day | 33.0 (6.7) | 33.3 (6.4) | 33.1 (6.7) | 32.3 (5.8) | 0.75 |
| Alcohol, g/day | 9.3 (12.7) | 8.9 (10.2) | 8.5 (8.7) | 8.4 (9.2) | 0.94 |
| Caffeine, mg/day | 121 (101) | 125 (94) | 143 (132) | 124 (108) | 0.76 |
| Multivitamin Use, n (%) | 72 (68.6) | 88 (92.6) | 74 (91.4) | 90 (98.9) | <0.001 |
| Duration of Use ≥2 years | 50 (69.4) | 63 (71.6) | 54 (73.0) | 69 (76.7) | 0.76 |
Abbreviations: FFQ; food frequency questionnaire; Q, quartile.
1
P-values were calculated using a Kruskal-Wallis test for continuous variables and a chi-square test for categorical variables.
2
Embryo transfer day and number were only assessed among fresh cycles with embryo transfer.